{"title":"Epidemiology and outcome of pediatric acute kidney injury-multicenter observational study from a low-middle-income country.","authors":"Uma Ali, Amol Madave, Kinnari Vala, Sadhana Zope, Manoj Matnani, Jyoti Singhal, Anupama Mauskar, Poonam Wade, Radha Ghildiyal, Jyoti Sharma, Madhulika Chakravarthi, Puneet Chhajed, Nivedita Pande, Nisha Krishnamurthy, Aarthi Prasanna, Kiran Sathe, Atul Deokar, Manish Arya, Vaibhav Keskar, Pawan Deore","doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-06856-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The epidemiology and outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) in low-middle-income countries (LMICs) differ from those in high-income countries due to differences in type and severity of non-renal systemic illness and variability in nephrology-care facilities. There is a paucity of multicenter studies from LMICs. This multicenter observational study was undertaken to study the epidemiology of pediatric AKI in a LMIC and analyze the significance of associated sample characteristics and interventions on outcomes, namely renal recovery and mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children (1 month-18 years) diagnosed with AKI, based on KDIGO criteria, seen in 10 centers, over 30 months, were included. Data collected included hospital type, city, patient demographics, illness characteristics, pre-existing diseases, AKI profile, interventions including mechanical ventilation (MV), vasoactive drugs (VADs), nephrotoxic drugs, radiocontrast exposure, and recent surgery. Use of kidney replacement therapy (KRT), modality, renal recovery, and patient survival was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Non-renal systemic illness accounted for 79% of cases. Majority were infections. Pre-existing illness was present in 55%, with 29% having kidney disease. AKI was diagnosed at admission in 68%, with 40% in KDIGO stage 3; 50% had severe AKI. MV and VADs were used in 42% and 46%, respectively. KRT was required in 29%, most receiving acute peritoneal dialysis (58%). Complete recovery (CR) was seen in 44%, while 29.6% died. Pre-existing kidney disease and KRT negatively impacted CR. VAD use was linked to mortality, and CR was associated with survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Non-renal systemic infection was the leading cause of AKI characterized by early, rapid progression, severe in 50%, high need for KRT, CR in less than 50% and high mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19735,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"3539-3547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pediatric Nephrology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-025-06856-5","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/7/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PEDIATRICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: The epidemiology and outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) in low-middle-income countries (LMICs) differ from those in high-income countries due to differences in type and severity of non-renal systemic illness and variability in nephrology-care facilities. There is a paucity of multicenter studies from LMICs. This multicenter observational study was undertaken to study the epidemiology of pediatric AKI in a LMIC and analyze the significance of associated sample characteristics and interventions on outcomes, namely renal recovery and mortality.
Methods: Children (1 month-18 years) diagnosed with AKI, based on KDIGO criteria, seen in 10 centers, over 30 months, were included. Data collected included hospital type, city, patient demographics, illness characteristics, pre-existing diseases, AKI profile, interventions including mechanical ventilation (MV), vasoactive drugs (VADs), nephrotoxic drugs, radiocontrast exposure, and recent surgery. Use of kidney replacement therapy (KRT), modality, renal recovery, and patient survival was assessed.
Results: Non-renal systemic illness accounted for 79% of cases. Majority were infections. Pre-existing illness was present in 55%, with 29% having kidney disease. AKI was diagnosed at admission in 68%, with 40% in KDIGO stage 3; 50% had severe AKI. MV and VADs were used in 42% and 46%, respectively. KRT was required in 29%, most receiving acute peritoneal dialysis (58%). Complete recovery (CR) was seen in 44%, while 29.6% died. Pre-existing kidney disease and KRT negatively impacted CR. VAD use was linked to mortality, and CR was associated with survival.
Conclusions: Non-renal systemic infection was the leading cause of AKI characterized by early, rapid progression, severe in 50%, high need for KRT, CR in less than 50% and high mortality.
期刊介绍:
International Pediatric Nephrology Association
Pediatric Nephrology publishes original clinical research related to acute and chronic diseases that affect renal function, blood pressure, and fluid and electrolyte disorders in children. Studies may involve medical, surgical, nutritional, physiologic, biochemical, genetic, pathologic or immunologic aspects of disease, imaging techniques or consequences of acute or chronic kidney disease. There are 12 issues per year that contain Editorial Commentaries, Reviews, Educational Reviews, Original Articles, Brief Reports, Rapid Communications, Clinical Quizzes, and Letters to the Editors.