{"title":"The Influence of Probe Pressure on Appendix Visualization in Pediatric Sonography: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Rayan A Ahyad","doi":"10.1002/jum.16757","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the influence of ultrasound probe pressure on the visualization of the appendix sonographically.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pediatric outpatients undergoing routine renal ultrasound (US) were approached for additional images using a standardized imaging protocol. The movement of the normal appendix (base and distal parts) was documented while applying probe pressure. The minimum pressure required for appendix identification and the maximum pressure required to elicit movement out of the field-of-view were recorded using a force sensor. Skin thickness was measured at baseline, at first appendix identification, and at maximal pressure. Appendiceal locations and peri-appendicular findings were also recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-six US scans were included in the final analysis. The appendix was identified in all scans. Movement out of the field-of-view was documented in 30 scans, of which 12 showed movement of the entire appendix, 11 of the distal appendix, and seven of the appendicular base only. The mean pressure was lower when the appendix was identified than when its base and distal part moved out of the field-of-view. The mean skin thickness was comparable. Neither pressure nor skin thickness showed a statistically significant correlation with appendix movement out of the field-of-view.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite no statistically significant correlation between the applied pressure and the appendiceal movement, since all the appendices were identified with less pressure than the pressure needed to displace most of them out of the field-of-view, it is possible that the non-visualization of the appendix is attributed to the displacement of the organ due to excessive sonographic pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":17563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.16757","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ACOUSTICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the influence of ultrasound probe pressure on the visualization of the appendix sonographically.
Methods: Pediatric outpatients undergoing routine renal ultrasound (US) were approached for additional images using a standardized imaging protocol. The movement of the normal appendix (base and distal parts) was documented while applying probe pressure. The minimum pressure required for appendix identification and the maximum pressure required to elicit movement out of the field-of-view were recorded using a force sensor. Skin thickness was measured at baseline, at first appendix identification, and at maximal pressure. Appendiceal locations and peri-appendicular findings were also recorded.
Results: Forty-six US scans were included in the final analysis. The appendix was identified in all scans. Movement out of the field-of-view was documented in 30 scans, of which 12 showed movement of the entire appendix, 11 of the distal appendix, and seven of the appendicular base only. The mean pressure was lower when the appendix was identified than when its base and distal part moved out of the field-of-view. The mean skin thickness was comparable. Neither pressure nor skin thickness showed a statistically significant correlation with appendix movement out of the field-of-view.
Conclusions: Despite no statistically significant correlation between the applied pressure and the appendiceal movement, since all the appendices were identified with less pressure than the pressure needed to displace most of them out of the field-of-view, it is possible that the non-visualization of the appendix is attributed to the displacement of the organ due to excessive sonographic pressure.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine (JUM) is dedicated to the rapid, accurate publication of original articles dealing with all aspects of medical ultrasound, particularly its direct application to patient care but also relevant basic science, advances in instrumentation, and biological effects. The journal is an official publication of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and publishes articles in a variety of categories, including Original Research papers, Review Articles, Pictorial Essays, Technical Innovations, Case Series, Letters to the Editor, and more, from an international bevy of countries in a continual effort to showcase and promote advances in the ultrasound community.
Represented through these efforts are a wide variety of disciplines of ultrasound, including, but not limited to:
-Basic Science-
Breast Ultrasound-
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound-
Dermatology-
Echocardiography-
Elastography-
Emergency Medicine-
Fetal Echocardiography-
Gastrointestinal Ultrasound-
General and Abdominal Ultrasound-
Genitourinary Ultrasound-
Gynecologic Ultrasound-
Head and Neck Ultrasound-
High Frequency Clinical and Preclinical Imaging-
Interventional-Intraoperative Ultrasound-
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound-
Neurosonology-
Obstetric Ultrasound-
Ophthalmologic Ultrasound-
Pediatric Ultrasound-
Point-of-Care Ultrasound-
Public Policy-
Superficial Structures-
Therapeutic Ultrasound-
Ultrasound Education-
Ultrasound in Global Health-
Urologic Ultrasound-
Vascular Ultrasound