Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and types of health care associated infections in Nigeria.

IF 3 3区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

BMC Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI:10.1186/s12879-025-11246-1

Chinemerem Daniel Onwuliri, Ifeanyichukwu Uzoma Ezebialu, Adebayo Adebisi, George Uchenna Eleje, Babatunde Akinola, Chinenye Uzoamaka Ezebialu, Kabir Abdullahi, Benedict Okoro, Chinedu Okoroafor, Obed John, Muzzamil Gadanya, Fozo Alombah, Emeka Okechukwu, Homsuk Swomen, Tochi Joy Okwor

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: HealthCare-Associated Infections (HCAIs) are those infections that patients acquire while receiving treatment for other health conditions within the health facility. There is a paucity of data on HCAIs in Nigeria.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence and types of as well as the common organisms causing HCAIs in Nigeria.

Materials and methods: A systematic review, with meta-analysis was conducted, and the results were presented in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, AJOL, Google Scholar and Cochrane electronic databases were searched in April 2024. Studies describing prevalence of HCAIs in Nigeria were included. Data extraction was done using pre-specified data extraction form. We performed a meta-analysis on prevalence of HCAIs and subgroup analysis on types of HCAIs in Nigeria using the random-effects model. A risk of bias tool from Hoy and colleagues was used to assess risk of bias.

Results: Out of 1899 articles searched, we included 16 studies involving 86772 participants. The pooled prevalence of HCAIs in Nigeria was 15.75% (95% CI 14.39, 17.11) and the commonest type was urinary tract infections (32.54%; 95% CI 29.44-35.64) followed by surgical site infections (22.17%; 95% CI 19.96-24.38) and skin and soft tissue infection (16.43%; 95% CI 9.42-23.43). The commonest organisms reported were Proteus species and Staphylococcus aureus, followed closely by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas. One study reported on multidrug resistance. The commonest associated risk factors were surgery, Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection, prior use of antibiotics and endotracheal intubation.

Conclusions: The findings of this research unveil a significant prevalence of HCAIs in Nigeria, standing at 15.75%. Urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, and skin and soft tissue infections were the most prevalent. Proteus species and Staphylococcus aureus were identified as the predominant organisms. This review indicates a scarcity of data concerning the risk factors for HCAIs and associated multidrug-resistant infections. Included studies mainly used isolation of microbial organisms to define HCAIs. These gaps underscore the need for further research in these critical areas within the country's healthcare settings.

Trial registration: This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023439338).

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尼日利亚卫生保健相关感染流行率和类型的系统回顾和荟萃分析。

背景：卫生保健相关感染（HCAIs）是指患者在卫生机构内接受其他健康状况治疗时获得的感染。关于尼日利亚hcai的数据缺乏。目的：评估尼日利亚hcai的流行程度和类型，以及常见的引起hcai的微生物。材料和方法：进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，并根据系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA）指南的首选报告项目提出了结果。2024年4月检索PubMed、AJOL、b谷歌Scholar和Cochrane电子数据库。包括描述尼日利亚hcai流行情况的研究。使用预先指定的数据提取表单进行数据提取。我们使用随机效应模型对尼日利亚hcai患病率进行了荟萃分析，并对hcai类型进行了亚组分析。使用Hoy及其同事的偏倚风险工具来评估偏倚风险。结果：在检索的1899篇文章中，我们纳入了16项研究，涉及86772名受试者。尼日利亚hcai的总患病率为15.75% (95% CI 14.39, 17.11)，最常见的类型是尿路感染(32.54%；95% CI 29.44-35.64)，其次是手术部位感染(22.17%；95% CI 19.96 ~ 24.38)和皮肤软组织感染(16.43%；95% ci 9.42-23.43)。报告的最常见的生物是变形杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌，其次是大肠杆菌、克雷伯氏菌和假单胞菌。一项研究报告了多药耐药性。最常见的相关危险因素是手术、人类免疫缺陷病毒感染、既往使用抗生素和气管插管。结论：本研究结果揭示了尼日利亚hcai的显著患病率，为15.75%。泌尿道感染、手术部位感染、皮肤和软组织感染最为常见。主要微生物为变形杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。这一综述表明，缺乏关于hcai和相关多药耐药感染的危险因素的数据。纳入的研究主要采用微生物分离来定义hcai。这些差距强调需要在国家卫生保健环境中对这些关键领域进行进一步研究。试验注册：该系统评价在PROSPERO注册（CRD42023439338）。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

BMC Infectious Diseases 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

0.00%

发文量

860

审稿时长

3.3 months

期刊介绍： BMC Infectious Diseases is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of the prevention, diagnosis and management of infectious and sexually transmitted diseases in humans, as well as related molecular genetics, pathophysiology, and epidemiology.