Species aggregation models resolve essential foraging habitat: Implications for conservation and management

IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Jarrod A. Santora, Justin J. Suca, Megan Cimino, Elliott L. Hazen, John C. Field, Steven J. Bograd, Brian K. Wells, Isaac D. Schroeder
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Species aggregations are a culmination of behavioral events arising from an array of biophysical interactions, dynamically shifting in space and time. Prediction of species' aggregation dynamics remains a challenge in studies of their distribution patterns. Species distribution models (SDMs) are statistical tools for understanding spatial patterns of marine biodiversity, ranging from essential species habitat, assessing fisheries bycatch, and projecting future distribution changes. SDMs involving pelagic species abundance generally do not typically resolve aggregation patterns. We use a 20-year observation record of seabird species aggregations, with seabirds being the most easily quantified “pelagic” species, to develop SDMs and a regional ocean modeling system to identify physical drivers and changes in aggregation location and intensity over time. We apply a conceptual ecosystem model to organize environmental covariates according to habitat production within coastal upwelling systems. The SDM used a 2-step modeling approach: a presence/absence model and a binary aggregation model. Thus, we aim to predict factors that characterize baseline ocean habitat for a species (presence/absence) and that aggregate large numbers of the species. Prediction of seabird aggregation results in realistic spatial distribution patterns that reflect known species habitat associations. Temporally, aggregation indices indicate mixed responses both within and between resident and migrant species, reflecting interannual effects of warm/cool ocean years and mesoscale structure supporting enhanced or decreased productive foraging habitat. The most abundant species were more likely to form aggregations during warmer years, indicating a response to a decrease in productive foraging habitat. The occurrence of species aggregations in spring is predictable by examining ocean-climate conditions in the preceding winter, thus providing a potential early warning system of anticipated ecosystem shifts. We contend that the aggregation occurrence model may improve the realism of pelagic SDMs and their utility for assessing spatial and temporal variability of trophic interactions. We discuss the utility of species aggregation models for quantifying the variability in critical pelagic habitats, the ecology and response of seabird species as indicators, advancement of ecosystem modeling and monitoring, and conservation applications (e.g., bycatch, wind energy, and oil spills).

Abstract Image

物种聚集模型解决了重要的觅食栖息地:对保护和管理的启示
物种聚集是一系列生物物理相互作用产生的行为事件的高潮,在空间和时间上动态变化。在物种分布模式研究中,物种聚集动态预测仍然是一个挑战。物种分布模型(SDMs)是了解海洋生物多样性空间格局的统计工具,从重要物种栖息地、评估渔业副渔获物到预测未来分布变化。涉及远洋物种丰度的SDMs通常不能解决聚集模式。我们利用20年的海鸟物种聚集的观测记录,以海鸟为最容易量化的“远洋”物种,开发sdm和区域海洋模型系统,以确定聚集的物理驱动因素和聚集位置和强度随时间的变化。我们应用一个概念生态系统模型,根据沿岸上升流系统的栖息地生产来组织环境协变量。SDM使用两步建模方法:一个存在/缺席模型和一个二元聚合模型。因此,我们的目标是预测一个物种的基线海洋栖息地特征(存在/不存在)和聚集大量物种的因素。海鸟聚集的预测结果反映了已知物种栖息地关联的现实空间分布格局。从时间上看,聚集指数反映了停留和迁徙物种内部和之间的混合响应,反映了暖/冷海洋年的年际效应和支持生产性觅食栖息地增强或减少的中尺度结构。最丰富的物种更有可能在温暖的年份形成聚集,表明对生产性觅食栖息地减少的响应。通过检查前一个冬季的海洋气候条件,可以预测春季物种聚集的发生,从而为预期的生态系统变化提供潜在的预警系统。我们认为,聚集发生模型可以提高中上层sdm的真实性,以及它们在评估营养相互作用时空变异性方面的实用性。我们讨论了物种聚集模型在量化关键海洋栖息地变异性方面的效用,作为指标的海鸟物种的生态和响应,生态系统建模和监测的进展,以及保护应用(例如副渔获物,风能和石油泄漏)。
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来源期刊
Ecological Applications
Ecological Applications 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
9.50
自引率
2.00%
发文量
268
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The pages of Ecological Applications are open to research and discussion papers that integrate ecological science and concepts with their application and implications. Of special interest are papers that develop the basic scientific principles on which environmental decision-making should rest, and those that discuss the application of ecological concepts to environmental problem solving, policy, and management. Papers that deal explicitly with policy matters are welcome. Interdisciplinary approaches are encouraged, as are short communications on emerging environmental challenges.
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