From Intentions to Actions: How Entrepreneurial Actions and Government Policies Mediate and Moderate This Link

Abstract

Entrepreneurial activity is a key driver of economic growth, contributing to innovation, job creation, and societal advancement. However, the process of transforming entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) into actual actions that lead to job creation is complex and influenced by a range of institutional factors. This study aims to examine the relationship between EIs, job creation expectations, and the role of total early-stage entrepreneurial activities (TEAs) as a mediating factor, while also assessing the moderating effects of government support policies. Using data from the global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) spanning 2001–2023 across 15 selected Asian economies, we identify that entrepreneurial actions partially mediate the link between EI and job creation. Moreover, supportive government policies play a significant moderating role in enhancing this relationship, whereas adverse institutional norms can hinder entrepreneurial progress. The study contributes to the literature by exploring the direct relationship between EIs and job creation, particularly, in the context of Asian economies. Additionally, it offers empirical evidence on the conditional effects of government policies, advancing our understanding of how they jointly influence the intention–action phenomenon. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers aiming to maximize the economic benefits of entrepreneurship through tailored policy reforms.