Psychosocial Dynamics of Strike Action and Union Renewal: The Case of ELA in the Basque Country

Abstract

The strike is a complex issue that involves structural, social and psychological elements. The aim of this study is to analyse the strike from a systemic psychosocial perspective, taking into account the most relevant factors of collective action. The study focuses on the specific case of ELA, a Basque trade union engaged in a strategy of union renewal. Methodologically, 15 focus groups were conducted with striking workers, involving 84 participants. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results indicate that the strike should be understood as a systemic process in which psychosocial determinants of collective action—such as relative deprivation, agency and collective identity—interact dynamically with one another, and with the organisational characteristics of the union. Moreover, the findings reveal the presence of psychosocial risks for the striking workers, and buffering factors. The conclusions underscore the need to approach the strike as a deep organisational process, and from a dynamic perspective. Finally, we propose practical recommendations for trade unions. Please refer to the Supporting Information section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.