Vehicle-to-everything mode of operation technologies: A state-of-art systematic review

IF 11 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126382

Ashkan Safari, Afshin Rahimi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are among the counterpart components in sustainable transportation and its economy by reducing carbon emissions, improving air quality, and decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. To this end, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technologies are considered the main part of EV development. Consequently, V2X technologies, including Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Vehicle-to-Building (V2B), Vehicle-to-Load (V2L), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), and Vehicle-to-Ship (V2S) enable energy and data transfer between EVs and their environment, enhancing power grid stability, supporting building energy needs, and facilitating inter-vehicle communication for more efficient and sustainable transportation systems. Based on the importance of V2X, many reviews have been conducted in recent years, highlighting their different aspects and components. However, no one has anticipated a complete overview of this technology. Therefore, this overview paper presents a complete review of EVs force/energy modeling, V2X (V2G, V2B, V2V, V2L, and V2S) technologies, human intention and machine interface, electricity market, as well as the recent Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based strategies integrated with them. Furthermore, the official standards, datasets, and financed projects related to V2X technologies are investigated. Finally, the challenges of each technology are analyzed, and future works are presented. The future of EVs promises widespread adoption driven by advancements in battery technology, enhanced charging infrastructure, and supportive V2X technologies, leading to cleaner and more efficient transportation systems that contribute to global decarbonization and net-zero emission goals.

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车辆到一切的操作技术模式：最新的系统回顾

电动汽车（ev）通过减少碳排放、改善空气质量和减少对化石燃料的依赖，成为可持续交通及其经济的对应组成部分之一。为此，V2X （Vehicle-to-Everything）技术被认为是电动汽车发展的主要部分。因此，包括车对电网（V2G）、车对建筑（V2B）、车对负载（V2L）、车对车（V2V）和车对船（V2S）在内的V2X技术实现了电动汽车与环境之间的能量和数据传输，增强了电网的稳定性，支持了建筑能源需求，并促进了车辆间的通信，从而实现了更高效和可持续的交通系统。基于V2X的重要性，近年来进行了许多审查，突出了它们的不同方面和组成部分。然而，没有人对这项技术有一个完整的概述。因此，本文将全面回顾电动汽车的动力/能量建模、V2X （V2G、V2B、V2V、V2L和V2S）技术、人的意图和机器接口、电力市场，以及与之相结合的基于人工智能（AI）的最新策略。此外，还调查了与V2X技术相关的官方标准、数据集和资助项目。最后，分析了每种技术面临的挑战，并对未来的工作进行了展望。在电池技术进步、充电基础设施增强和V2X技术支持的推动下，电动汽车的未来有望得到广泛采用，从而实现更清洁、更高效的交通系统，为全球脱碳和净零排放目标做出贡献。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Applied Energy 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

21.20

自引率

10.70%

发文量

1830

审稿时长

41 days

期刊介绍： Applied Energy serves as a platform for sharing innovations, research, development, and demonstrations in energy conversion, conservation, and sustainable energy systems. The journal covers topics such as optimal energy resource use, environmental pollutant mitigation, and energy process analysis. It welcomes original papers, review articles, technical notes, and letters to the editor. Authors are encouraged to submit manuscripts that bridge the gap between research, development, and implementation. The journal addresses a wide spectrum of topics, including fossil and renewable energy technologies, energy economics, and environmental impacts. Applied Energy also explores modeling and forecasting, conservation strategies, and the social and economic implications of energy policies, including climate change mitigation. It is complemented by the open-access journal Advances in Applied Energy.