Innate immunity in the brain: ILC2s as modulators of CNS disorders

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

International immunopharmacology Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.115147

Jyotsna D. Godavarthi , Anilkumar Pillai , Rodrigo Morales , Vijayasree V. Giridharan

{"title":"Innate immunity in the brain: ILC2s as modulators of CNS disorders","authors":"Jyotsna D. Godavarthi , Anilkumar Pillai , Rodrigo Morales , Vijayasree V. Giridharan","doi":"10.1016/j.intimp.2025.115147","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), particularly group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), have emerged as crucial players in central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and pathology. This review explores the multifaceted roles of ILC2s across various CNS disorders, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets. ILC2s, enriched in brain barriers like the meninges and choroid plexus, respond to alarmins such as IL-33 and IL-25, orchestrating immune responses through producing type 2 cytokines including IL-5 and IL-13. In aging brains, ILC2s demonstrate remarkable adaptability, resisting senescence, and maintaining self-renewal capacity. However, in Alzheimer's disease, ILC2s show numerical and functional deficits, potentially exacerbating neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. This review synthesizes recent findings on ILC2 involvement in CNS injuries, infections, stroke, ischemia, and their influence on behavior and cognition. We examine how ILC2s modulate neuroinflammation, promote tissue repair, and impact cognitive outcomes across these conditions. By integrating current research, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of ILC2 functions in CNS disorders and their potential as targets for novel therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13859,"journal":{"name":"International immunopharmacology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 115147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International immunopharmacology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567576925011373","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), particularly group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), have emerged as crucial players in central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and pathology. This review explores the multifaceted roles of ILC2s across various CNS disorders, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets. ILC2s, enriched in brain barriers like the meninges and choroid plexus, respond to alarmins such as IL-33 and IL-25, orchestrating immune responses through producing type 2 cytokines including IL-5 and IL-13. In aging brains, ILC2s demonstrate remarkable adaptability, resisting senescence, and maintaining self-renewal capacity. However, in Alzheimer's disease, ILC2s show numerical and functional deficits, potentially exacerbating neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. This review synthesizes recent findings on ILC2 involvement in CNS injuries, infections, stroke, ischemia, and their influence on behavior and cognition. We examine how ILC2s modulate neuroinflammation, promote tissue repair, and impact cognitive outcomes across these conditions. By integrating current research, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of ILC2 functions in CNS disorders and their potential as targets for novel therapeutic strategies.

查看原文本刊更多论文

脑内先天免疫：ILC2s作为中枢神经系统疾病的调节剂

先天淋巴样细胞（ILCs），特别是2组先天淋巴样细胞（ILC2s）在中枢神经系统（CNS）的稳态和病理中扮演着重要的角色。这篇综述探讨了ILC2s在各种中枢神经系统疾病中的多方面作用，强调了它们作为治疗靶点的潜力。ILC2s富含脑膜和脉络膜丛等脑屏障，对IL-33和IL-25等警报器作出反应，通过产生包括IL-5和IL-13在内的2型细胞因子来协调免疫反应。在衰老的大脑中，ILC2s表现出显著的适应性，抗衰老，保持自我更新能力。然而，在阿尔茨海默病中，ILC2s表现出数量和功能缺陷，可能加剧神经炎症和认知能力下降。本文综述了最近关于ILC2参与中枢神经系统损伤、感染、中风、缺血及其对行为和认知的影响的研究结果。我们研究了ILC2s如何调节神经炎症，促进组织修复，并影响这些疾病的认知结果。通过整合目前的研究，我们旨在全面了解ILC2在中枢神经系统疾病中的功能及其作为新治疗策略靶点的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

International immunopharmacology 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

3.60%

发文量

935

审稿时长

53 days

期刊介绍： International Immunopharmacology is the primary vehicle for the publication of original research papers pertinent to the overlapping areas of immunology, pharmacology, cytokine biology, immunotherapy, immunopathology and immunotoxicology. Review articles that encompass these subjects are also welcome. The subject material appropriate for submission includes: • Clinical studies employing immunotherapy of any type including the use of: bacterial and chemical agents; thymic hormones, interferon, lymphokines, etc., in transplantation and diseases such as cancer, immunodeficiency, chronic infection and allergic, inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. • Studies on the mechanisms of action of these agents for specific parameters of immune competence as well as the overall clinical state. • Pre-clinical animal studies and in vitro studies on mechanisms of action with immunopotentiators, immunomodulators, immunoadjuvants and other pharmacological agents active on cells participating in immune or allergic responses. • Pharmacological compounds, microbial products and toxicological agents that affect the lymphoid system, and their mechanisms of action. • Agents that activate genes or modify transcription and translation within the immune response. • Substances activated, generated, or released through immunologic or related pathways that are pharmacologically active. • Production, function and regulation of cytokines and their receptors. • Classical pharmacological studies on the effects of chemokines and bioactive factors released during immunological reactions.