Timing and hydrothermal fluid evolution of the Tenglongling gold deposit, North Tianshan, NW China

IF 3.2 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Ore Geology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106710

Xuguang Li , Yun Zhao , Chunji Xue , Haixia Chu , Yihao Liu , Xueqin Zhang , Jia Chen , Qinghui Yu , Yu Yan

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Abstract

The Tianshan Orogenic Belt (TOB), which lies in the southwestern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), represents a significant gold ore cluster. The Tenglongling gold deposit was recently found in the Bogda-Harlik Belt in the TOB. However, the timing and mechanism of gold mineralization remain unclear. Gold orebodies in Tenglongling occurred in the Carboniferous Shiqiantan Formation and diorite dykes, controlled by regional shear zone. The hydrothermal paragenesis can be divided into (Ⅰ) quartz-pyrite stage, (II) quartz-stibnite-arsenopyrite-gold stage, and (III) quartz-stibnite stage. The age of 114 ± 1.2 Ma, determined by SIMS zircon U-Pb of the Tenglongling diorite, provides a minimum age constraint on gold mineralization. Fluid inclusions hosted by quartz suggest that the ore-forming fluids are characterized by medium temperatures, low salinities, and CO₂-CH₄-rich compositions. Coexisting LR-type and VR-type FIs with comparable homogenization temperatures (T_h) suggest fluid immiscibility during the hydrothermal fluid evolution. The δ¹⁸O_H2O (−3.7 ‰ to +9.2 ‰) and δD (−110 ‰ to −95 ‰) for ore-forming fluids indicate a metamorphic origin. Fluid immiscibility, accompanied by elevated pH (pH > 8) and decreased LogƒS₂ (LogƒS₂ = −11 to −17), contribute to a significant reduction in gold solubilities, ultimately generate the deposition of gold. Combined with geological and geochemical characteristics, the Tenglongling deposit is classified as an orogenic-type gold deposit, providing new insights into late Mesozoic gold mineralization in the Bogda-Harlik Belt.

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北天山腾龙岭金矿床时间与热液流体演化

天山造山带（TOB）位于中亚造山带（CAOB）西南部，是一个重要的金矿群。腾龙岭金矿床是新近在塔里木盆地博格达-哈利克带发现的。然而，金矿化的时间和机制尚不清楚。腾龙岭金矿体赋存于石炭系石前滩组和闪长岩岩脉中，受区域剪切带控制。热液共生可分为（Ⅰ）石英-黄铁矿阶段、（II）石英-辉锑矿-毒砂-金阶段和（III）石英-辉锑矿阶段。腾龙岭闪长岩的SIMS锆石U-Pb年龄为114±1.2 Ma，为金矿化提供了最小年龄约束。石英包裹体表明成矿流体具有中温、低盐度、富co2 - ch4的特征。均质温度（Th）相当的lr型和vr型FIs共存，表明热液流体演化过程中流体不混相。成矿流体δ18OH2O（−3.7‰~ +9.2‰）和δD（−110‰~−95‰）表明成矿流体为变质流体。流体不混溶，pH值升高(pH >；8)而LogƒS2 （LogƒS2 =−11 ~−17）的降低，导致金的溶解度显著降低，最终产生金的沉积。结合地质地球化学特征，将腾龙岭金矿床划分为造山带型金矿床，为博格达-哈利克带晚中生代金矿成矿提供了新的认识。

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来源期刊

Ore Geology Reviews 地学-地质学

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

27.30%

发文量

546

审稿时长

22.9 weeks

期刊介绍： Ore Geology Reviews aims to familiarize all earth scientists with recent advances in a number of interconnected disciplines related to the study of, and search for, ore deposits. The reviews range from brief to longer contributions, but the journal preferentially publishes manuscripts that fill the niche between the commonly shorter journal articles and the comprehensive book coverages, and thus has a special appeal to many authors and readers.