Circadian metabolism in myeloid cells.

Abstract

Circadian rhythms are fundamental regulators of physiological processes, including immune function. Recent insights uncover that not only lymphocytes but also myeloid cells possess intrinsic circadian clocks that govern their behavior and function. Emerging evidence highlights how circadian regulation of metabolism critically shapes the inflammatory and tissue-repair functions of myeloid subsets. Furthermore, mitochondrial dynamics, a key metabolic feature, are under circadian control and influence antigen presentation and effector functions. Here, we review the interplay between circadian clocks, metabolism, and myeloid immunity, discussing their therapeutic opportunities for optimizing vaccination, infection management, and immunotherapy.