Acute changes in immune biomarkers under low- and moderate-dose alcohol in light and heavy drinkers: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.) Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI:10.1111/acer.70106

Mollie A. Monnig, Philip S. Lamb, Samantha E. Clark, Peter M. Monti

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Alcohol consumption modulates immune function, in part by promoting microbial translocation. This process is thought to trigger an acute-phase immune response, contributing to alcohol-related immune modulation. However, most evidence on these effects arises from preclinical models. Additionally, existing human studies lack a placebo control, rely on a single alcohol dose, or fail to account for individual drinking history.

Methods

This study examined in vivo concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a marker of microbial translocation), acute-phase proteins, cytokines, and chemokines under low-dose alcohol, moderate-dose alcohol, and placebo using a within-subjects design in light and heavy drinkers. Participants (N = 32) were light drinkers (n = 15) and nontreatment-seeking heavy drinkers (n = 17). Groups did not differ on demographics. Participants received each dose condition in randomized order. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at hourly intervals for 4 h. Plasma concentrations of LPS, acute-phase proteins (LPS binding protein [LBP], soluble cluster of differentiation 14 [sCD14], and soluble cluster of differentiation 163 [sCD163]), and cytokines/chemokines (interleukin 6 [IL-6], interleukin 8 [IL-8], interleukin 10 [IL-10], monocyte chemoattractant protein [MCP-1], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) were quantified using immunoassays. Linear mixed models tested effects of dose condition, drinker group, time, and the three-way interaction. Further analyses tested associations of LPS, LBP, sCD14, and sCD163 with cytokines/chemokines.

Results

The three-way interaction of dose by group by time was significant for IL-6 (p = 0.042), IL-8 (p = 0.039), MCP-1 (p = 0.001), and TNF-α (p = 0.001). LPS was associated with concentrations of interleukins. Levels of sCD163 were 43% higher in heavy drinkers overall. Heavy drinkers exhibited apparent conditioned peripheral immune suppression, wherein the expectation of alcohol elicited selective immunosuppressive responses.

Conclusions

This study offers novel in vivo evidence that alcohol-induced changes in immune function are dependent on both acute dose and chronic drinking behavior.

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轻度和重度饮酒者在低剂量和中等剂量酒精作用下免疫生物标志物的急性变化：一项随机、安慰剂对照试验

背景：饮酒调节免疫功能，部分是通过促进微生物易位。这一过程被认为会引发急性期免疫反应，促进酒精相关的免疫调节。然而，大多数关于这些影响的证据来自临床前模型。此外，现有的人体研究缺乏安慰剂对照，依赖于单一的酒精剂量，或者不能解释个人饮酒史。方法：本研究在轻度饮酒者和重度饮酒者中采用受试者内设计，检测了低剂量酒精、中等剂量酒精和安慰剂作用下体内脂多糖（LPS，微生物易位标志物）、急性期蛋白质、细胞因子和趋化因子的浓度。参与者（N = 32）是轻度饮酒者（N = 15）和不寻求治疗的重度饮酒者（N = 17）。各组在人口统计学上没有差异。参与者按随机顺序接受每种剂量条件。在基线和每小时间隔4小时采集血液样本。采用免疫分析法定量测定LPS、急性期蛋白（LPS结合蛋白[LBP]、可溶性分化团14 [sCD14]和可溶性分化团163 [sCD163]）和细胞因子/趋化因子（白细胞介素6 [IL-6]、白细胞介素8 [IL-8]、白细胞介素10 [IL-10]、单核细胞趋化蛋白[MCP-1]和肿瘤坏死因子α [TNF-α]）的血浆浓度。线性混合模型测试了剂量条件、饮酒者组、时间和三方相互作用的影响。进一步的分析测试了LPS、LBP、sCD14和sCD163与细胞因子/趋化因子的关联。结果：剂量、组、时间对IL-6 （p = 0.042）、IL-8 （p = 0.039）、MCP-1 （p = 0.001）、TNF-α (p = 0.001)的三方交互作用显著。LPS与白细胞介素浓度相关。总体而言，重度饮酒者的sCD163水平高出43%。重度饮酒者表现出明显的条件外周免疫抑制，其中对酒精的预期引发了选择性免疫抑制反应。结论：本研究提供了新的体内证据，证明酒精诱导的免疫功能变化依赖于急性剂量和慢性饮酒行为。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量