Retinal vascular calibers and correlations with biomarkers in bitches with pyometra-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

IF 2 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
Veterinary World Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-25 DOI:10.14202/vetworld.2025.1345-1356
Fábio Dumit Pizzinatto, Alexandre Pinto Ribeiro, Bianca Eidt Rodrigues, Hanna Rodrigues Miranda, Nathalia de Assis Pereira
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background and aim: Pyometra is a common uterine disease in intact bitches, frequently progressing to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). While retinal vascular alterations have been observed in human SIRS cases, similar evaluations are lacking in veterinary medicine. This study aimed to evaluate retinal vascular calibers in bitches with pyometra-induced SIRS (P-SIRS) and explore correlations between retinal measurements and hematological, biochemical, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels.

Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 40 bitches diagnosed with P-SIRS and 30 clinically healthy controls. Retinal images were captured at admission using a smartphone coupled with a Volk iNView® (Volk®, Mentor, OH, USA) device. Retinal arteriolar and venular calibers within 0.5-1 disk diameter from the optic disk were measured using ImageJ software (https://imagej.net/ij/index.html). Concurrent hematology, serum biochemistry, VEGF, and IL-4 levels were analyzed. Statistical comparisons and correlations were assessed using non-parametric tests and Spearman's correlation.

Results: Retinal arteriolar calibers were significantly narrower (p = 0.0001) and venular calibers significantly wider (p = 0.0068) in P-SIRS patients compared to controls. Serum VEGF and IL-4 concentrations were markedly elevated in the P-SIRS group (p < 0.05). Retinal venular calibers positively correlated with band neutrophils (p = 0.02), monocytes (p = 0.04), and negatively with albumin (p = 0.008). Retinal arteriolar calibers negatively correlated with segmented neutrophils (p = 0.04) and VEGF (p = 0.0003). No ophthalmoscopically visible retinal lesions were detected.

Conclusion: Bitches with pyometra-induced SIRS exhibited significant retinal microvascular alterations characterized by arteriolar narrowing and venular dilation. These vascular changes correlated with systemic inflammatory markers and VEGF levels, suggesting that retinal vascular assessment may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for systemic inflammation in veterinary patients. Despite microvascular changes, no clinically visible retinal lesions were observed, warranting further longitudinal studies to elucidate their prognostic significance.

脓脓诱发全身炎症反应综合征母狗视网膜血管直径及其与生物标志物的相关性。
背景与目的:脓脓症是一种常见的子宫疾病,常发展为全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)。虽然在人类SIRS病例中观察到视网膜血管改变,但在兽医学中缺乏类似的评估。本研究旨在评估脓脓性SIRS (P-SIRS)母狗视网膜血管直径,并探讨视网膜血管直径与血液学、生化、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和白细胞介素-4 (IL-4)水平的相关性。材料与方法:对40只诊断为P-SIRS的母犬和30只临床健康对照进行前瞻性观察研究。入院时使用智能手机和Volk iNView®(Volk®,Mentor, OH, USA)设备采集视网膜图像。使用ImageJ软件(https://imagej.net/ij/index.html)测量距视盘0.5-1盘直径范围内的视网膜小动脉和静脉直径。同时分析血液学、血清生化、VEGF、IL-4水平。采用非参数检验和Spearman相关评估统计比较和相关性。结果:与对照组相比,p - sirs患者的视网膜小动脉直径明显变窄(p = 0.0001),静脉直径明显变宽(p = 0.0068)。p - sirs组血清VEGF、IL-4浓度显著升高(p < 0.05)。视网膜静脉直径与带中性粒细胞(p = 0.02)、单核细胞(p = 0.04)呈正相关,与白蛋白呈负相关(p = 0.008)。视网膜小动脉直径与分节中性粒细胞(p = 0.04)和VEGF (p = 0.0003)呈负相关。未检出镜下可见的视网膜病变。结论:脓脓诱发SIRS的母狗视网膜微血管明显改变,表现为小动脉狭窄和静脉扩张。这些血管变化与全身炎症标志物和VEGF水平相关,表明视网膜血管评估可以作为兽医患者全身炎症的非侵入性生物标志物。尽管微血管改变,但未观察到临床可见的视网膜病变,因此需要进一步的纵向研究来阐明其预后意义。
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来源期刊
Veterinary World
Veterinary World Multiple-
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
12.50%
发文量
317
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Veterinary World publishes high quality papers focusing on Veterinary and Animal Science. The fields of study are bacteriology, parasitology, pathology, virology, immunology, mycology, public health, biotechnology, meat science, fish diseases, nutrition, gynecology, genetics, wildlife, laboratory animals, animal models of human infections, prion diseases and epidemiology. Studies on zoonotic and emerging infections are highly appreciated. Review articles are highly appreciated. All articles published by Veterinary World are made freely and permanently accessible online. All articles to Veterinary World are posted online immediately as they are ready for publication.
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