Pharmacotherapeutic potential of artemetin against amiodarone instigated sub-chronic hepatotoxicity via modulating TLR4/HMGB1/RAGE and NF-κB signaling pathways: An in-vivo and in-silico approach

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Toxicon Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108471

Fuad M. Alzahrani , Aqsa Bibi , Iqra Yasin , Arifa Mehreen , Khalid J. Alzahrani , Khalaf F. Alsharif

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Abstract

Amiodarone (AMI) has been widely used in cardiac patients to prevent the onset of life-threating cardiac arrhythmias. However, its excessive use induces various organ damages including the liver. Artemetin (ART) is a flavonoid that exhibits immense medicinal values. This investigation explored the palliative potential of ART against AMI induced sub-chronic hepato-toxicity. Thirty-two rats (Sprague Dawley) were randomly apportioned into control, AMI (40 mgkg⁻¹), AMI (40 mgkg⁻¹) + ART (1.5 mgkg⁻¹) and ART (1.5 mg/kg) alone treated group. Our findings elucidated that AMI administration instigate severe hepatocellular inflammation which is evident by elevated gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), high mobility group box1 (HMGB1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). AMI exposure promoted the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) while suppressing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). Besides, AMI intoxication lowered the levels of albumin and total proteins while increasing the levels of ALT, GGT, AST, and ALP. Moreover, AMI administration exacerbated Caspase-9, Bax and Caspase-3 while diminishing Bcl-2 concentrations. The normal morphology of hepatic tissues was disrupted following the AMI exposure. Nonetheless, ART treatment significantly alleviated hepatic damage via regulating abovementioned biochemical as well as histological impairments. Our results demonstrated that ART can strongly interact with the active sites of these proteins and exhibit potential as hepatoprotective agent.

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通过调节TLR4/HMGB1/RAGE和NF-κB信号通路，青蒿素对胺碘酮引发的亚慢性肝毒性的药物治疗潜力：体内和计算机方法

胺碘酮（AMI）已被广泛应用于心脏病患者，以预防危及生命的心律失常的发生。然而，它的过量使用会引起包括肝脏在内的各种器官损伤。青蒿素（ART）是一种具有巨大药用价值的类黄酮。本研究探讨了ART对急性心肌梗塞引起的亚慢性肝毒性的姑息潜力。将32只Sprague Dawley大鼠随机分为对照组、AMI （40 mgkg-1）、AMI (40 mgkg-1) + ART （1.5 mgkg-1）和ART （1.5mg/kg）单独治疗组。我们的研究结果表明，AMI引起严重的肝细胞炎症，其明显表现为白细胞介素-6 （IL-6）、晚期糖基化终产物受体（RAGE）、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、环氧化酶-2 （COX-2）、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1 （MCP-1）、高迁移率组盒1 （HMGB1）、白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β)、核因子-κB （NF-κB）、toll样受体4 （TLR4）的基因表达升高。AMI暴露提高了活性氧（ROS）和丙二醛（MDA）水平，抑制了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、血红素氧化酶-1 （HO-1）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GSR）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）的活性。AMI中毒使白蛋白和总蛋白水平降低，ALT、GGT、AST和ALP水平升高。此外，AMI加重了Caspase-9、Bax和Caspase-3，同时降低了Bcl-2浓度。AMI暴露后肝脏组织的正常形态被破坏。尽管如此，ART治疗通过调节上述生化和组织学损伤显著减轻了肝损伤。我们的研究结果表明，ART可以与这些蛋白的活性位点强烈相互作用，并表现出作为肝保护剂的潜力。

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来源期刊

Toxicon 医学-毒理学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

10.70%

发文量

358

审稿时长

68 days

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