Oral Rehydration Salt Solutions for Children: A Review.

IF 1.6 Q3 PEDIATRICS
Aamer Imdad, Uzma Rani
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Dehydration continues to be a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in children globally. Oral rehydration salts (ORS) solutions can successfully treat mild to moderate dehydration. However, the uptake of this simple and cost-effective intervention remains low in both high-income and low-to-mid-income countries. The low-osmolality ORS solution recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) contains an appropriate balance of electrolytes and glucose that helps effectively absorb water and electrolytes, irrespective of the cause of gastroenteritis. ORS solution can be administered orally in most cases of mild to moderate dehydration; however, a nasogastric tube can be used in cases of oral intolerance in selected cases. The amount of ORS solution required for rehydration depends on the estimates of fluid losses and the child's weight. Severe dehydration could be managed with intravenous fluids initially; however, oral rehydration therapy can be used as soon as the patient is stable. The few contraindications for the use of oral rehydration solution include altered mental status, inability to tolerate oral or nasogastric intake of fluids, underlying gastrointestinal problems such as ileus, anatomical abnormalities, and gut malabsorption. This review describes the use of different ORS solutions in the United States and discusses the newly studied, non-glucose-based ORS solutions. The review also discusses hydration strategies for fluid loss during exercise and in hot environments.

儿童口服补液盐溶液:综述。
脱水仍然是全球儿童发病和死亡的一个主要原因。口服补液盐(ORS)溶液可以成功治疗轻度至中度脱水。然而,在高收入国家和中低收入国家,采用这种简单而具有成本效益的干预措施的比例仍然很低。世界卫生组织(世卫组织)推荐的低渗透压口服补液溶液含有适当平衡的电解质和葡萄糖,有助于有效吸收水分和电解质,无论胃肠炎的病因如何。大多数轻度至中度脱水病例可口服口服补液;然而,鼻胃管可用于某些情况下的口服不耐受。补液所需的补液量取决于对液体流失和儿童体重的估计。严重脱水最初可通过静脉输液处理;然而,一旦病人病情稳定,就可以使用口服补液疗法。使用口服补液的少数禁忌症包括精神状态改变、不能耐受口服或鼻胃摄入液体、潜在的胃肠道问题,如肠梗阻、解剖异常和肠道吸收不良。本文综述了美国不同的口服补液溶液的使用情况,并讨论了新研究的非葡萄糖型口服补液溶液。这篇综述还讨论了在运动和炎热环境中液体流失的水合策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Pediatrics in review
Pediatrics in review 医学-小儿科
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
109
期刊介绍: Pediatrics in Review (PIR) is the American Academy of Pediatrics’ monthly peer-reviewed continuing medical education journal, designed to keep the general pediatric clinician current in all areas of pediatric medicine and to assist those participating in the Maintenance of Certification program of the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP). The journal is one of the key components of the Academy’s continuing medical education program: PREP® (the Pediatrics Review and Education Program). Together, PIR and the PREP Self-Assessment comprise PREP The Curriculum®. Each PIR review article includes quiz questions formulated by topic experts.
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