Evaluating the Dentin-Adhesive Interface of a Nanoparticle-Enhanced Universal Adhesive Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Its Impact on μTBS and Degree of Conversion
Amer M. Alanazi, Shaheryar Shafqat, Muhammad Omar Niaz, Azmat Ali Khan, Madiha Pirvani, Syed Hussain Askary, Ambrina Qureshi
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Evaluation of the effects of various nanoparticles (NPs), titanium dioxide (TiO2), cerium dioxide (CeO2), and copper oxide (CuO), when incorporated into universal adhesive (UA), on the micro tensile bond strength (μTBS), degree of conversion (DC), adhesive interface, and resin tag assessment. Before incorporating nanoparticles (NPs) into UA, elemental analysis was conducted on all NP types using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The study involved 48 intact human molars, divided into four groups based on UA modification with different NPs: Group 1 (Control), Group 2 (TiO2NPs), Group 3 (CeO2NPs), and Group 4 (CuONPs). Samples were restored with composite and light cured. All specimens underwent 10,000 cycles of thermocycling for aging, followed by μTBS testing and failure mode evaluation using a universal testing machine and stereomicroscope. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to assess the DC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to evaluate resin tag length and examine the adhesive interface. Statistical analysis involved one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons of μTBS, DC, and resin tag (p < 0.05). Group 3 (2% CeO2NPs-UA) presented the maximum resin tag length (111.21 ± 2.81 μm) and highest μTBS (15.47 ± 0.88 MPa). However, the lowest bond integrity score (12.64 ± 0.5 MPa) and (76.29 ± 1.69 μm) was presented by Group 1 (0% NPs-UA) (12.64 ± 0.5 MPa) samples. Group 3 (2% CeO2NPs-UA) (68.54 ± 6.77) adhesive showed DC comparable to 2% CuONPs-UA (67.58 ± 9.65) and UA-unmodified (74.33 ± 8.59) (p > 0.05). The UA enhanced with CeO2NPs and CuONPs can be viewed as a viable option, given its improved μTBS and resin tag length as observed through SEM. Furthermore, the modification of UA using CeO2NPs and CuONPs exhibits a DC comparable to that of the unmodified adhesive control.
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Microscopy Research and Technique (MRT) publishes articles on all aspects of advanced microscopy original architecture and methodologies with applications in the biological, clinical, chemical, and materials sciences. Original basic and applied research as well as technical papers dealing with the various subsets of microscopy are encouraged. MRT is the right form for those developing new microscopy methods or using the microscope to answer key questions in basic and applied research.
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