Effects of initial nicotine exposure on cognition and nicotine reinforcement among non-smoking young adults with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Maggie M Sweitzer, Julianna Lazzari, Jessica Lunsford-Avery, Francis Joseph McClernon, Scott H Kollins, Kenneth A Perkins, Matthew Engelhard
{"title":"Effects of initial nicotine exposure on cognition and nicotine reinforcement among non-smoking young adults with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Maggie M Sweitzer, Julianna Lazzari, Jessica Lunsford-Avery, Francis Joseph McClernon, Scott H Kollins, Kenneth A Perkins, Matthew Engelhard","doi":"10.1177/02698811251344687","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) use nicotine products at higher rates than those without. Greater initial sensitivity to nicotine's cognitive effects may explain this association.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study examined associations between cognitive effects of nicotine administration and subsequent preference for nicotine versus placebo among young adults naïve to nicotine with and without ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (<i>n</i> = 61 ADHD, <i>n</i> = 75 Control) completed subjective (concentration, alertness) and objective (continuous performance task (CPT)) cognitive assessments in response to 3 doses of intranasal nicotine (0, 0.5, 1.0 mg; 1 dose per session). Choice to self-administer nicotine versus placebo (i.e., nicotine preference) was then assessed in two subsequent sessions under different task conditions-high cognitive demand and low demand. Analyses examined cognitive effects of nicotine dose and related those responses to nicotine preference under different task conditions.</p><p><strong>Results/outcomes: </strong>Nicotine increased subjective concentration and alertness for participants with ADHD but not controls; improved concentration predicted greater nicotine preference. In both groups, nicotine decreased errors of omission but increased errors of commission on the CPT, which predicted increased and decreased nicotine preference, respectively, during high cognitive demand. During the non-demanding condition, increased errors of commission predicted lower nicotine preference only for controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions/interpretation: </strong>Perceived cognitive enhancement by nicotine may serve as a mechanism of risk for continued use in individuals with ADHD experimenting with nicotine. These findings help to clarify mechanisms underlying ADHD/nicotine use comorbidity and underscore the importance of early prevention.Declaration of interest/Funding:This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"694-702"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355662/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251344687","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/6/28 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: People with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) use nicotine products at higher rates than those without. Greater initial sensitivity to nicotine's cognitive effects may explain this association.
Aims: This study examined associations between cognitive effects of nicotine administration and subsequent preference for nicotine versus placebo among young adults naïve to nicotine with and without ADHD.
Methods: Participants (n = 61 ADHD, n = 75 Control) completed subjective (concentration, alertness) and objective (continuous performance task (CPT)) cognitive assessments in response to 3 doses of intranasal nicotine (0, 0.5, 1.0 mg; 1 dose per session). Choice to self-administer nicotine versus placebo (i.e., nicotine preference) was then assessed in two subsequent sessions under different task conditions-high cognitive demand and low demand. Analyses examined cognitive effects of nicotine dose and related those responses to nicotine preference under different task conditions.
Results/outcomes: Nicotine increased subjective concentration and alertness for participants with ADHD but not controls; improved concentration predicted greater nicotine preference. In both groups, nicotine decreased errors of omission but increased errors of commission on the CPT, which predicted increased and decreased nicotine preference, respectively, during high cognitive demand. During the non-demanding condition, increased errors of commission predicted lower nicotine preference only for controls.
Conclusions/interpretation: Perceived cognitive enhancement by nicotine may serve as a mechanism of risk for continued use in individuals with ADHD experimenting with nicotine. These findings help to clarify mechanisms underlying ADHD/nicotine use comorbidity and underscore the importance of early prevention.Declaration of interest/Funding:This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Psychopharmacology is a fully peer-reviewed, international journal that publishes original research and review articles on preclinical and clinical aspects of psychopharmacology. The journal provides an essential forum for researchers and practicing clinicians on the effects of drugs on animal and human behavior, and the mechanisms underlying these effects. The Journal of Psychopharmacology is truly international in scope and readership.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
