{"title":"Evaluation of <i>In Vitro</i> Pharmacological Activities and HRLC-MS Based Profiling of <i>Phlogacanthus jenkinsii</i> C. B. Clarke.","authors":"Sajidul Hoque Ansari, Saikat Sen","doi":"10.3831/KPI.2025.28.2.116","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong><i>Phlogacanthus jenkinsii</i> is an ethnomedicinal plant used by the people of the North East Region of India to manage various health issues including diabetes and rheumatism. The present study examines the total phenolic and flavonoid content, <i>in vitro</i> pharmacological evaluation of the plant extract/fractions, and phytochemical characterization using HRLC-MS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ethanol extract of <i>Phlogacanthus jenkinsii</i> leaves (PJEE) and its fractions were estimated for total phenolic and flavonoid content following the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride method. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and NO (nitric oxide) scavenging methods were utilized for evaluating antioxidant properties; albumin denaturation and proteinase inhibitory assay methods for assessing antiinflammatory potential. Additionally, extract/fractions were evaluated for their antidiabetic potential using α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assays. HRLC-MS was employed for phytochemical profiling of the ethyl acetate fraction (PJEAF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PJEAF contains the highest total phenolic (48.3 ± 0.64 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid (22.6 ± 0.09 mg QE/g) content. PJEAF scavenges DPPH radical (IC<sub>50</sub> = 29.1 ± 0.25 µg/mL) and NO radical (IC<sub>50</sub> = 46.6 ± 0.20 µg/mL) potently. PJEAF also exhibited potent antiinflammatory potential with IC<sub>50</sub> of 220.8 ± 1.33 and 231.5 ± 1.25 µg/mL against albumin denaturation and protease inhibition assay, respectively. PJEAF had potent inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 205.9 ± 1.12 and 132.2 ± 0.65 µg/mL, respectively. The HRLC-MS profiling of PJEAF indicated the presence of forty-three phytoconstituents, including 2'-Apo-beta-carotenal, Sinensetin, Kaempferol-3-o-(6\"-malonyl-glucoside), Heliannone B, Rhoifolin, Quercetin-3-o-rutinoside.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicated that <i>Phlogacanthus jenkinsii</i> possesses significant antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antidiabetic potential, and presence of possible metabolites also makes the plant an important source of drug development and therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacopuncture","volume":"28 2","pages":"116-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12177568/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Pharmacopuncture","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2025.28.2.116","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"INTEGRATIVE & COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objectives: Phlogacanthus jenkinsii is an ethnomedicinal plant used by the people of the North East Region of India to manage various health issues including diabetes and rheumatism. The present study examines the total phenolic and flavonoid content, in vitro pharmacological evaluation of the plant extract/fractions, and phytochemical characterization using HRLC-MS.
Methods: Ethanol extract of Phlogacanthus jenkinsii leaves (PJEE) and its fractions were estimated for total phenolic and flavonoid content following the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride method. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and NO (nitric oxide) scavenging methods were utilized for evaluating antioxidant properties; albumin denaturation and proteinase inhibitory assay methods for assessing antiinflammatory potential. Additionally, extract/fractions were evaluated for their antidiabetic potential using α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assays. HRLC-MS was employed for phytochemical profiling of the ethyl acetate fraction (PJEAF).
Results: PJEAF contains the highest total phenolic (48.3 ± 0.64 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid (22.6 ± 0.09 mg QE/g) content. PJEAF scavenges DPPH radical (IC50 = 29.1 ± 0.25 µg/mL) and NO radical (IC50 = 46.6 ± 0.20 µg/mL) potently. PJEAF also exhibited potent antiinflammatory potential with IC50 of 220.8 ± 1.33 and 231.5 ± 1.25 µg/mL against albumin denaturation and protease inhibition assay, respectively. PJEAF had potent inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, with IC50 values of 205.9 ± 1.12 and 132.2 ± 0.65 µg/mL, respectively. The HRLC-MS profiling of PJEAF indicated the presence of forty-three phytoconstituents, including 2'-Apo-beta-carotenal, Sinensetin, Kaempferol-3-o-(6"-malonyl-glucoside), Heliannone B, Rhoifolin, Quercetin-3-o-rutinoside.
Conclusion: These findings indicated that Phlogacanthus jenkinsii possesses significant antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antidiabetic potential, and presence of possible metabolites also makes the plant an important source of drug development and therapeutic applications.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Pharmacopuncture covers a wide range of basic and clinical science research relevant to all aspects of the biotechnology of integrated approaches using both pharmacology and acupuncture therapeutics, including research involving pharmacology, acupuncture studies and pharmacopuncture studies. The subjects are mainly divided into three categories: pharmacology (applied phytomedicine, plant sciences, pharmacology, toxicology, medicinal plants, traditional medicines, herbal medicine, Sasang constitutional medicine, herbal formulae, foods, agricultural technologies, naturopathy, etc.), acupuncture (acupressure, electroacupuncture, laser acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, etc.), and pharmacopuncture (aqua-acupuncture, meridian pharmacopuncture, eight-principles pharmacopuncture, animal-based pharmacopuncture, mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture, bee venom therapy, needle embedding therapy, implant therapy, etc.). Other categories include chuna treatment, veterinary acupuncture and related animal studies, alternative medicines for treating cancer and cancer-related symptoms, etc. Broader topical coverage on the effects of acupuncture, the medical plants used in traditional and alternative medicine, pharmacological action and other related modalities, such as anthroposophy, homeopathy, ayurveda, bioelectromagnetic therapy, chiropractic, neural therapy and meditation, can be considered to be within the journal’s scope if based on acupoints and meridians. Submissions of original articles, review articles, systematic reviews, case reports, brief reports, opinions, commentaries, medical lectures, letters to the editor, photo-essays, technical notes, and book reviews are encouraged. Providing free access to the full text of all current and archived articles on its website (www.journal.ac), also searchable through a Google Scholar search.