High-Mobility Group Box-1 as a Predictor for Malignant Brain Edema Following Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients.

Abstract

Background and purpose: Emerging experimental evidence has established that high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) plays a pivotal role in cerebral ischemia pathogenesis, primarily through mediating neuroinflammatory cascades following ischemic injury. This study sought to investigate the potential association between circulating HMGB-1 levels and the risk of malignant brain edema (MBE) in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT).

Methods: This study prospectively recruited patients presenting with large vessel occlusive stroke in the anterior circulation and receiving MT treatment. Serum HMGB-1 levels were quantitatively assessed for all participants upon hospital admission. MBE was defined as defined as a midline shift of ≥5 mm observed on follow-up neuroimaging after MT. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the potential correlation between serum HMGB-1 concentrations and MBE development.

Results: Among the cohort of 261 eligible patients (mean age: 69.7 years; male: 166 [63.6%]), 59 individuals (22.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.6%-28.3%) developed MBE. After adjusted for demographic characteristics and other potential confounders, multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that higher serum HMGB-1 levels were associated with an increased risk of MBE (odds ratios [OR], highest vs lowest quartile: 3.130; 95% CI, 1.077-9.098; P = 0.036). In addition, restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a dose-response relationship between elevated serum HMGB-1 levels and MBE risk (P for non-linearity=0.764).

Conclusion: This study confirmed that elevated circulating HMGB-1 levels were significantly associated with MBE after MT. These findings suggested that HMGB-1 could serve as a predictive biomarker for post-MT MBE risk, potentially enabling early identification of high-risk patients who may benefit from intensified monitoring or targeted therapeutic interventions.