{"title":"Underwater Endoscopy: Diving into the Future of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.","authors":"Garvit Chhabra, Amal Shine, Nanlong Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11894-025-00993-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>With endoscopic advances water/saline have been widely adopted as alternatives for CO2 insufflation in endoscopy and its use has been advocated in wide array of endoscopic procedures, both diagnostic and therapeutic. This review aims to highlight the applications and advantages of underwater endoscopy in comparison to conventional techniques.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Underwater endoscopy was initially described with water insertion and water exchange techniques to aid difficult insertions during colonoscopy. Its application has now expanded to U-EMR, U-ESD as well as underwater third space endoscopy, where in many scenarios it has been shown to be superior to conventional endoscopy. Underwater endoscopy offers a new dimension in gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures with various advantages over conventional techniques, rapidly making it the preferred approach for various procedures which could otherwise be challenging.</p>","PeriodicalId":10776,"journal":{"name":"Current Gastroenterology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Gastroenterology Reports","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-025-00993-5","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose of review: With endoscopic advances water/saline have been widely adopted as alternatives for CO2 insufflation in endoscopy and its use has been advocated in wide array of endoscopic procedures, both diagnostic and therapeutic. This review aims to highlight the applications and advantages of underwater endoscopy in comparison to conventional techniques.
Recent findings: Underwater endoscopy was initially described with water insertion and water exchange techniques to aid difficult insertions during colonoscopy. Its application has now expanded to U-EMR, U-ESD as well as underwater third space endoscopy, where in many scenarios it has been shown to be superior to conventional endoscopy. Underwater endoscopy offers a new dimension in gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures with various advantages over conventional techniques, rapidly making it the preferred approach for various procedures which could otherwise be challenging.
期刊介绍：
As the field of gastroenterology and hepatology rapidly evolves, the wealth of published literature can be overwhelming. The aim of the journal is to help readers stay abreast of such advances by offering authoritative, systematic reviews by leading experts. We accomplish this aim by appointing Section Editors who invite international experts to contribute review articles that highlight recent developments and important papers published in the past year. Major topics in gastroenterology are covered, including pediatric gastroenterology, neuromuscular disorders, infections, nutrition, and inflammatory bowel disease. These reviews provide clear, insightful summaries of expert perspectives relevant to clinical practice. An Editorial Board of internationally diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field.
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