Volumetric absorptive microsampling and conductive vial electromembrane extraction for the analysis of pharmaceuticals in whole blood.

IF 6.1 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Talanta Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-27 DOI:10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128523

Adam Reguli, Samira Dowlatshah, Frederik André Hansen, Petra Štěrbová-Kovaříková, Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) enables accurate collection of low blood volumes, independent of hematocrit. Electromembrane extraction (EME) is a sustainable sample clean-up technique; however, its wider applicability to extract analytes directly from VAMS tips remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate applicability of the first commercially available conductive vial EME device (with 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether as liquid membrane) for isolating 41 basic pharmaceuticals (log P 2-6) from 10 μL of blood on VAMS tips. The following extraction parameters were optimized: donor solution composition and volume, conductive vials size, applied voltage, extraction time and agitation speed. It was found that: 1/large conductive vials (600 μL) and 300 μL of donor solution provide higher process efficiency and reproducibility compared to smaller vials (200 μL) or larger donor solution volumes; 2/methanol in donor solution improve reproducibility and 3/sonication of VAMS tips in donor solution within a conductive vial prior to extraction enhances process efficiency. The EME protocol, followed by UHPLC-MS/MS analysis, was evaluated for process efficiency, linearity (1-1000 ng/mL), precision, and accuracy. Eleven analytes met most of the predefined acceptance criteria: process efficiencies 34.9-65.8 %, linearity (R²) 0.9933-0.9995, accuracy 85.9-111.1 % and precision 1.4-13.3 % RSD. The extraction was not impacted by hematocrit variation. EME demonstrated superior reproducibility and reduced matrix effects when compared to conventional VAMS tips treatment. This study confirms the reliability of a commercial conductive vial EME device for isolating basic pharmaceuticals from whole blood on VAMS tips, highlighting its potential for routine bioanalytical applications.

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全血中药物分析的体积吸收微进样和导电小瓶电膜萃取。

体积吸收微采样（VAMS）能够准确收集低血容量，独立于红细胞压积。电膜萃取（EME）是一种可持续的样品净化技术；然而，其更广泛的适用性，直接从VAMS尖端提取分析物仍未探索。本研究旨在评价第一个市售的导电小瓶EME装置（以2-硝基苯辛基醚为液膜）在VAMS尖端从10 μL血液中分离41种基本药物（logp2 -6）的适用性。优化了给药液的组成和体积、导电瓶的尺寸、施加电压、提取时间和搅拌速度。结果表明：1/大导电瓶（600 μL）和300 μL供体溶液比小瓶（200 μL）或大供体溶液体积提供更高的工艺效率和重现性；供体溶液中2/甲醇提高了再现性，在提取前在导电瓶中供体溶液中对VAMS尖端进行3/声波处理提高了工艺效率。采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用（UHPLC-MS/MS）分析，评价EME方案的工艺效率、线性度（1-1000 ng/mL）、精密度和准确度。11个分析物符合大部分预定的验收标准：工艺效率34.9 ~ 65.8%，线性（R2） 0.9933 ~ 0.9995，准确度85.9 ~ 111%，精密度1.4 ~ 13.3% RSD。提取不受血细胞比容变化的影响。与传统的VAMS针尖治疗相比，EME表现出更高的重复性和更低的基质效应。这项研究证实了商用导电小瓶EME设备在VAMS尖端上从全血中分离基本药物的可靠性，突出了其常规生物分析应用的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Talanta 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

12.30

自引率

4.90%

发文量

861

审稿时长

29 days

期刊介绍： Talanta provides a forum for the publication of original research papers, short communications, and critical reviews in all branches of pure and applied analytical chemistry. Papers are evaluated based on established guidelines, including the fundamental nature of the study, scientific novelty, substantial improvement or advantage over existing technology or methods, and demonstrated analytical applicability. Original research papers on fundamental studies, and on novel sensor and instrumentation developments, are encouraged. Novel or improved applications in areas such as clinical and biological chemistry, environmental analysis, geochemistry, materials science and engineering, and analytical platforms for omics development are welcome. Analytical performance of methods should be determined, including interference and matrix effects, and methods should be validated by comparison with a standard method, or analysis of a certified reference material. Simple spiking recoveries may not be sufficient. The developed method should especially comprise information on selectivity, sensitivity, detection limits, accuracy, and reliability. However, applying official validation or robustness studies to a routine method or technique does not necessarily constitute novelty. Proper statistical treatment of the data should be provided. Relevant literature should be cited, including related publications by the authors, and authors should discuss how their proposed methodology compares with previously reported methods.