Lisa Egund, Linnea Malmgren, Anthony D Woolf, Fiona E McGuigan, Kristina E Akesson
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Pregnancy and lactation require large amounts of calcium potentially depleting the young adult bone. This study investigated BMD and fluctuations of BMD resulting from parity and lactation in the PEAK-25 cohort, a prospective observational study of women all aged 25 at inclusion and 35 at follow-up. The analyses use women who were nulliparous at baseline and parous (n = 573) or nulliparous (n = 177) 10-yr later. Parity, regardless of number of pregnancies, had no negative impact, indeed spine BMD at age 35 was higher (2.1%; p = .043). Likewise, BMD did not differ in women who breastfed, were non-lactating or nulliparous. Even the cumulative duration of breastfeeding did not make a difference. Overall, and regardless of parity, in the cohort, by age 35 BMD is already decreasing, with overall losses at femoral neck (∆ - 3.4%) and total hip (∆ - 2.7%); although not spine (∆0.9%). Yet, BMD fluctuations associated with pregnancy, lactation and weaning were seen in the short term. Comparing those pregnant more than 24 m with those less than 24 m prior to DXA, BMD was lowest in women more recently pregnant (FN -2.2%, TH -2.7%). Women pregnant within 12 m had 4% lower TH BMD compared to more than 36 m (p = .054, padj = 0.032). Cumulative duration of breastfeeding was associated with bone loss, particularly beyond 15 mo (FN ∆-4.3%; TH ∆-3.7%) and lower spine BMD accretion. Despite such periods of loss, BMD recovers, evidenced by time-from-weaning to DXA. Women weaning within 6 mo of measurement had lower FN BMD compared to those where the interval was more than 24 mo (6.6% vs 1.7%, p < .001). In conclusion and despite repeated fluctuations in BMD resulting from the physiological demands of multiple pregnancies and periods of breastfeeding, BMD recovers and ultimately doesn't differ from that of identically aged women without children.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (JBMR) publishes highly impactful original manuscripts, reviews, and special articles on basic, translational and clinical investigations relevant to the musculoskeletal system and mineral metabolism. Specifically, the journal is interested in original research on the biology and physiology of skeletal tissues, interdisciplinary research spanning the musculoskeletal and other systems, including but not limited to immunology, hematology, energy metabolism, cancer biology, and neurology, and systems biology topics using large scale “-omics” approaches. The journal welcomes clinical research on the pathophysiology, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and fractures, as well as sarcopenia, disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and rare or genetically determined bone diseases.