Exploring the role of cardanol acetate and epoxidized cardanol acetate as plasticizers in polylactic acid blown films

IF 3.6 4区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI:10.1002/vnl.22219

Xinyu Song, Yang Yang, Yunxuan Weng, Zhigang Huang, Caili Zhang

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Abstract

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a promising biodegradable material for packaging, but its limited ductility restricts its use. Blending PLA with flexible polyesters can improve ductility but often reduces transparency. To address this, two plasticizers derived from the natural phenolic compound cardanol (CD)—cardanol acetate (CA) and epoxidized cardanol acetate (ECA)—were synthesized to enhance PLA's ductility without compromising transparency. PLA films were plasticized with varying concentrations of CA and ECA using melt mixing-extrusion. The results showed that ECA significantly improved PLA's flexibility and compatibility due to the interactions between its epoxy groups and PLA's carboxyl end groups. PLA-15ECA exhibited a tensile strength of 41.9 MPa and a remarkable elongation at break of 336.6%, compared to pure PLA's 52.1 MPa and 13.7%, respectively. Transparency was maintained (transmittance >85%), and thermal stability was excellent, with only a 2% mass loss after 2 h at 200°C. This study highlights the potential of using natural plasticizers to improve PLA's performance for eco-friendly packaging applications.

Highlights

Synthesize cardanol-based plasticizers for PLA's ductility and transparency.
Plasticizer active-group reactivity and solubility are key to PLA modification.
PLA-15ECA has a tensile strength of 41.9 MPa and an elongation at break of 336.6%.
ECA - plasticized PLA films balance strength, toughness, and keep transparency.

Abstract Image

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探讨腰果酚乙酸酯和环氧腰果酚乙酸酯在聚乳酸吹塑膜中的增塑剂作用

聚乳酸（PLA）是一种很有前途的生物降解包装材料，但其有限的延展性限制了其应用。PLA与柔性聚酯混合可以提高延展性，但往往会降低透明度。为了解决这个问题，合成了两种从天然酚类化合物腰果酚（CD）中提取的增塑剂——腰果酚乙酸酯（CA）和环氧腰果酚乙酸酯（ECA），以提高PLA的延展性，同时不影响透明度。采用熔融混合-挤出法，用不同浓度的CA和ECA对PLA薄膜进行了塑化。结果表明，由于环氧基与PLA的羧基端基之间的相互作用，ECA显著提高了PLA的柔韧性和相容性。PLA- 15eca的拉伸强度为41.9 MPa，断裂伸长率为336.6%，而纯PLA的拉伸强度为52.1 MPa，断裂伸长率为13.7%。保持了透明度（透光率>；85%），热稳定性很好，在200°C下加热2小时后仅损失2%的质量。这项研究强调了使用天然增塑剂改善PLA在环保包装应用中的性能的潜力。合成腰果酚类增塑剂，提高PLA的延展性和透明度。增塑剂活性基团反应性和溶解度是PLA改性的关键。PLA-15ECA的抗拉强度为41.9 MPa，断裂伸长率为336.6%。ECA塑化PLA薄膜平衡强度、韧性，并保持透明性。

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来源期刊

Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology 工程技术-材料科学：纺织

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

14.80%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology is a peer-reviewed technical publication for new work in the fields of polymer modifiers and additives, vinyl polymers and selected review papers. Over half of all papers in JVAT are based on technology of additives and modifiers for all classes of polymers: thermoset polymers and both condensation and addition thermoplastics. Papers on vinyl technology include PVC additives.