Seroprevalence and risk factors of porcine cysticercosis in Mpwapwa district, eastern-Central Tanzania

IF 2.4 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI:10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00445

Justine Daudi Maganira , Noel Mark Makwinya , Beda John Mwang'onde

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Abstract

Porcine cysticercosis, caused by the larval stage of Taenia species, poses significant health and economic challenges in low and lower-middle-income regions. This study assessed the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with the transmission of porcine cysticercosis in Mpwapwa District, eastern-central Tanzania, using a commercial antigen enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Ag- ELISA). A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Gulwe, Ving'hawe, and Igovu villages during the dry season in June 2024. Blood samples were collected from 159 household pigs, and structured questionnaires were administered to heads or representatives of 51 pig-keeping households to identify potential risk factors. Serum samples from 29 pigs tested positive for porcine cysticercosis in the Ag-ELISA assay with an apparent prevalence of 18.24 % (95 % CI: 12.57 %–25.13 %), and estimated true prevalence of 17.91 % (95 % CI: 12.66 %–24.67 %). The apparent prevalence of porcine cysticercosis varied across the villages with Gulwe showing the highest prevalence (22.58 %; 95 % CI: 12.93 %–34.79 %), followed by Ving'hawe (21.21 % 95 % CI: 8.98 %–38.91 %), and Igovu (12.50 %; 95 % CI: 5.55 %–23.15 %). Female pigs exhibited a relatively higher seropositivity rate (13.84 %; 95 % CI: 8.88 %–20.20 %) compared to male pigs (4.40 %; 95 % CI: 1.79 %–8.86 %) although this difference was not statistically significant (χ² = 0.629, p-value = 0.428). DNA extracted from cysticerci isolated from infected pigs slaughter in the study villages was confirmed via gel electrophoresis to belong to Taenia solium. Seropositivity was higher in adult pigs (14.47 %; 95 % CI: 9.84 %–20.77 %) than in growers (3.77 %; 95 % CI: 1.74 %–7.99 %), but this difference was not statistically significant (χ² = 0.385, p = value = 0.535). Risk factor analysis identified the pig management system (OR = 2.47, p = 0.005), household pig herd size (OR = 3.08, p = 0.003), pig pen design (OR = 2.49, p = 0.002), feed source (OR = 3.08, p = 0.000), ignorance of porcine cysticercosis (OR = 1.57, p = 0.031) and presence of open-field defecation (OR = 1.47, p = 0.025) as significant contributors to the transmission of porcine cysticercosis. This study identifies a significant burden of porcine cysticercosis in Mpwapwa District, highlighting the need for effective control strategies to combat this zoonotic disease, protect smallholder livelihoods, and align with the WHO's 2030 targets for intensified T. solium control.

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坦桑尼亚中东部姆瓦普瓦地区猪囊虫病的血清流行率和危险因素

猪囊虫病是由带绦虫幼虫引起的，在低收入和中低收入地区构成重大的卫生和经济挑战。本研究使用商业抗原酶联免疫吸附试验（Ag- ELISA）评估了坦桑尼亚中东部Mpwapwa地区猪囊虫病的血清流行率和与传播相关的危险因素。在2024年6月旱季期间，在Gulwe、Ving'hawe和Igovu村进行了横断面调查。采集159头家庭猪的血液样本，并对51户养猪户的户主或代表进行结构化问卷调查，以确定潜在的危险因素。29头猪的血清样品经Ag-ELISA检测呈猪囊虫病阳性，表观患病率为18.24% (95% CI: 12.57% - 25.13%)，估计真实患病率为17.91% （95% CI: 12.66% - 24.67%）。各村猪囊虫病表观流行率各不相同，居威村最高，为22.58%；95%置信区间:12.93% - -34.79%),其次是感恩节'hawe(21.21%, 95%置信区间CI: 8.98% -38.91%),和Igovu (12.50%;95% ci: 5.55% - 23.15%)。母猪血清阳性率较高，为13.84%；95% CI: 8.88% - 20.20%)，而雄性猪(4.40%；95% CI: 1.79% - 8.86%)，但差异无统计学意义（χ2 = 0.629， p值= 0.428）。从研究村屠宰的感染猪分离的囊虫中提取的DNA经凝胶电泳证实属于猪带绦虫。成年猪血清阳性率较高(14.47%；95%置信区间:9.84%比种植者(3.77%;-20.77%)95% CI: 1.74% ~ 7.99%)，但差异无统计学意义（χ2 = 0.385, p = value = 0.535）。危险因素分析发现，猪管理制度（OR = 2.47, p = 0.005）、家庭猪群规模（OR = 3.08, p = 0.003）、猪圈设计（OR = 2.49, p = 0.002）、饲料来源（OR = 3.08, p = 0.000）、对猪囊虫病的无知（OR = 1.57, p = 0.031）和露天场所排便（OR = 1.47, p = 0.025）是猪囊虫病传播的重要影响因素。本研究确定了姆瓦普瓦县猪囊虫病的重大负担，强调需要制定有效的控制战略，以防治这种人畜共患疾病，保护小农生计，并与世卫组织2030年加强猪囊虫控制的目标保持一致。

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来源期刊

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

3.10%

发文量

审稿时长

17 weeks

期刊介绍： Parasite Epidemiology and Control is an Open Access journal. There is an increasing amount of research in the parasitology area that analyses the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. This epidemiology of parasite infectious diseases is predominantly studied in human populations but also spans other major hosts of parasitic infections and as such this journal will have a broad remit. We will focus on the major areas of epidemiological study including disease etiology, disease surveillance, drug resistance and geographical spread and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects in clinical trials for both human and other animals. We will also look at the epidemiology and control of vector insects. The journal will also cover the use of geographic information systems (Epi-GIS) for epidemiological surveillance which is a rapidly growing area of research in infectious diseases. Molecular epidemiological approaches are also particularly encouraged.