A High-Caliber View of the Bullet Cluster through JWST Strong and Weak Lensing Analyses

Sangjun Cha, Boseong Young Cho, Hyungjin Joo, Wonki Lee, Kim HyeongHan, Zachary P. Scofield, Kyle Finner and M. James Jee
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Abstract

The Bullet Cluster (1E 0657-56) is a key astrophysical laboratory for studying dark matter, galaxy cluster mergers, and shock propagation in extreme environments. Using new JWST imaging, we present the highest-resolution mass reconstruction to date, combining 146 strong lensing constraints from 37 systems with high-density (398 sources arcmin−2) weak lensing data, without assuming that light traces mass. The main cluster’s mass distribution is highly elongated (northwest–southeast) and consists of at least three subclumps aligned with the brightest cluster galaxies. The subcluster is more compact but elongated along the east–west direction, with a single dominant peak. We also detect a possible mass and intracluster light (ICL) trail extending from the subcluster’s eastern side toward the main cluster. Notably, these detailed features are closely traced by the ICL, with a modified Hausdorff distance of 19.80 ± 12.46 kpc. Together with multiwavelength data, the complex mass distribution suggests that the merger history of the Bullet Cluster may be more complex than previous binary cluster merger scenarios.
通过JWST强透镜和弱透镜分析子弹星团的高口径视图
子弹星系团(1E 0657-56)是研究暗物质、星系团合并和极端环境下激波传播的关键天体物理实验室。利用新的JWST成像,我们提出了迄今为止最高分辨率的质量重建,结合了来自37个系统的146个强透镜约束和高密度(398个源arcmin−2)弱透镜数据,没有假设光追踪质量。主星团的质量分布高度拉长(西北-东南),由至少三个亚星团组成,与最亮的星团星系排列在一起。亚群结构紧凑,但沿东西方向呈细长状,主峰单一。我们还发现了一个可能的质量和星团内光(ICL)轨迹,从子星团的东侧延伸到主星团。值得注意的是,这些细节特征被ICL密切追踪,修正的豪斯多夫距离为19.80±12.46 kpc。结合多波长数据,复杂的质量分布表明,子弹星团的合并历史可能比以前的双星团合并场景更复杂。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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