Long-term exposure to major constituents of PM2.5 and executive function among children and adolescents in China

IF 7.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Pollution Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126740

Hua-Lian Chen , Qing-Guo Zeng , Jing Wei , Qiong Zhang , Hui-Xian Zeng , Katja Kanninen , Bin Jalaludin , Jian Dai , Yuan Lv , Bin Zhao , Pasi Jalava , Guang-Hui Dong , Xiao-Wen Zeng

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Abstract

Epidemiological evidence regarding the effects of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) constituents on executive function (EF) in children and adolescents is limited. This cross-sectional study analyzed 67,622 children and adolescents aged 5–18 from China (2020–2021) and calculated the five-year average concentrations of PM_2.5 and its six constituents using the ChinaHighAirPollutants (CHAP) dataset. EF was assessed using the parent-completed Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Generalized linear mixed models and weighted quantile sum regression were applied to evaluate the potential effects of individual PM_2.5 components and their mixtures. Long-term exposure to PM_2.5 and its components was linked to poorer EF (e.g., global executive composite (GEC) and metacognition index). For example, compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartiles of PM_2.5 components were linked to higher risks for GEC dysfunction (e.g., odd ratio (OR) was 1.23 (1.05, 1.44) for ammonium (NH₄⁺), 1.14 (1.01, 1.29) for organic matter (OM) and 1.18 (1.05, 1.32) for black carbon (BC)). Similarly, joint exposure to PM_2.5 constituents was related to GEC dysfunction (OR = 1.08 (1.03, 1.13)), with BC and NH₄⁺ contributing more significantly to the association. Additionally, children under 12 years and those with parental education levels below high school appear to be more susceptible to the effects of PM_2.5 constituents. In conclusion, the reduction of combustion-related BC and NH₄⁺ may reduce the burden of PM_2.5-related executive dysfunction in children and adolescents.

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中国儿童和青少年长期暴露于PM2.5主要成分及其执行功能

关于长期暴露于细颗粒物（PM2.5）成分对儿童和青少年执行功能（EF）影响的流行病学证据有限。本横断面研究分析了中国（2020-2021年）67,622名5-18岁的儿童和青少年，并使用中国大气污染物（CHAP）数据集计算了PM2.5及其六种成分的五年平均浓度。EF采用家长填写的执行功能行为评定量表（BRIEF）进行评估。采用广义线性混合模型和加权分位数和回归来评估PM2.5各组分及其混合物的潜在影响。长期暴露于PM2.5及其成分与较差的EF（例如，全球执行综合指数（GEC）和元认知指数）有关。例如，与最低四分位数相比，PM2.5成分的最高四分位数与GEC功能障碍的高风险相关(例如，铵（NH4+）的奇数比（OR）为1.23(1.05,1.44)，有机质（OM）的奇数比（OR）为1.14（1.01,1.29)，黑碳（BC）的奇数比（OR）为1.18(1.05,1.32)）。同样，关节暴露于PM2.5成分与GEC功能障碍相关（OR = 1.08(1.03, 1.13)），其中BC和NH4+的关联更为显著。此外，12岁以下儿童和父母受教育程度低于高中的儿童似乎更容易受到PM2.5成分的影响。综上所述，减少燃烧相关的BC和NH4+可能减轻儿童和青少年pm2.5相关执行功能障碍的负担。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Environmental Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

2082

审稿时长

2.9 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: • Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies; • Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change; • Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest; • New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.