Survival Outcomes in Upstaged Cutaneous Head and Neck Melanoma With Negative Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: A Retrospective Analysis.

Abstract

Background: Biopsy is required to stage cutaneous head and neck melanomas (cHNM), but cHNM can be pathologically upstaged following surgical resection. Here, we evaluated whether upstaged cHNM with negative sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) impacts survival and time to cHNM recurrence.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed cHNM patients with negative SLNB treated from 2007 to 2014. We included adult cHNM patients with T2a-4a disease at biopsy who underwent SLNB-negative and wide local excision. We extracted patient demographics, treatment details, and survival outcomes. Melanoma-specific survival (MSS) and cHNM recurrence outcomes were analyzed using Cox regression analysis and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results: Overall, 87 patients met inclusion criteria, 17 of whom were upstaged after definitive treatment. No significant baseline demographic or cHNM differences were observed between groups. Excisional biopsies were most performed (n = 57, 65.5%), yet upstaged patients more frequently underwent shave or punch biopsies. Most cHNM lesions were found on the face (n = 35, 40.2%). Univariable Cox regression revealed significant association between upstaged pathology (unadjusted hazard ratio: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.12-9.16), close margins (unadjusted hazard ratio: 4.95, 95% CI: 1.61-15.20), and worse MSS; however, multivariable Cox regression did not demonstrate any relationship between upstaged pathology or margin status and MSS.

Conclusion: Among patients with pT2-4a, SLNB-negative cHNM, pathological upstaging does not independently predict MSS when adjusted for margin status, but large multicenter prospective cohort studies are needed to further validate these findings.