{"title":"Pluripotency genes of mammals: a network at work.","authors":"Ranieri Cancedda, Maddalena Mastrogiacomo","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1578499","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pluripotency, i.e., the ability to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers, is a transient state of early embryonic cells. In mammals, during progression from pre-implantation to post-implantation stage, pluripotent cells undergo different state transitions characterized by changes in gene expression and development potential. These developmental states include: (i) a naive pluripotency (pre-implantation embryonic stem cells, or ESCs), (ii) an intermediate condition (formative state), and (iii) a primed pluripotency (late post-implantation ESCs derived from epiblasts also named EpiSCs). The transitions are regulated by an interconnected network of pluripotency-related genes. Transcription of genes such as <i>Oct4, Sox2</i>, and <i>Nanog</i> is crucial for obtaining and maintaining pluripotency. These three factors form an autoregulatory loop by binding to each other's promoters to activate their transcription. Other factors play a significant ancillary role in the transcription factor network preserving cell pluripotency. In the review, we will also mention some of the more relevant cytokines, molecules, signaling pathways, and epigenetic modifications that induce and control pluripotency gene expression. The main goal of this review is to bridge the gap between the fields of genetics and stem cell biology and to set the ground for the application of this knowledge to the development of strategies and drugs to be used in a clinical environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1578499"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12198222/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1578499","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Pluripotency, i.e., the ability to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers, is a transient state of early embryonic cells. In mammals, during progression from pre-implantation to post-implantation stage, pluripotent cells undergo different state transitions characterized by changes in gene expression and development potential. These developmental states include: (i) a naive pluripotency (pre-implantation embryonic stem cells, or ESCs), (ii) an intermediate condition (formative state), and (iii) a primed pluripotency (late post-implantation ESCs derived from epiblasts also named EpiSCs). The transitions are regulated by an interconnected network of pluripotency-related genes. Transcription of genes such as Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog is crucial for obtaining and maintaining pluripotency. These three factors form an autoregulatory loop by binding to each other's promoters to activate their transcription. Other factors play a significant ancillary role in the transcription factor network preserving cell pluripotency. In the review, we will also mention some of the more relevant cytokines, molecules, signaling pathways, and epigenetic modifications that induce and control pluripotency gene expression. The main goal of this review is to bridge the gap between the fields of genetics and stem cell biology and to set the ground for the application of this knowledge to the development of strategies and drugs to be used in a clinical environment.
期刊介绍：
The translation of new discoveries in medicine to clinical routine has never been easy. During the second half of the last century, thanks to the progress in chemistry, biochemistry and pharmacology, we have seen the development and the application of a large number of drugs and devices aimed at the treatment of symptoms, blocking unwanted pathways and, in the case of infectious diseases, fighting the micro-organisms responsible. However, we are facing, today, a dramatic change in the therapeutic approach to pathologies and diseases. Indeed, the challenge of the present and the next decade is to fully restore the physiological status of the diseased organism and to completely regenerate tissue and organs when they are so seriously affected that treatments cannot be limited to the repression of symptoms or to the repair of damage. This is being made possible thanks to the major developments made in basic cell and molecular biology, including stem cell science, growth factor delivery, gene isolation and transfection, the advances in bioengineering and nanotechnology, including development of new biomaterials, biofabrication technologies and use of bioreactors, and the big improvements in diagnostic tools and imaging of cells, tissues and organs.
In today`s world, an enhancement of communication between multidisciplinary experts, together with the promotion of joint projects and close collaborations among scientists, engineers, industry people, regulatory agencies and physicians are absolute requirements for the success of any attempt to develop and clinically apply a new biological therapy or an innovative device involving the collective use of biomaterials, cells and/or bioactive molecules. “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” aspires to be a forum for all people involved in the process by bridging the gap too often existing between a discovery in the basic sciences and its clinical application.
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