Precocious puberty: a comprehensive review of diagnosis and clinical presentation, etiology, and treatment.

IF 0.4 4区 医学 Q4 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
Asian Biomedicine Pub Date : 2025-04-30 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI:10.2478/abm-2025-0009
Khomsak Srilanchakon, Vichit Supornsilchai, Suttipong Wacharasindhu, Martin O Savage
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Central precocious puberty (CPP) is characterized by early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which is apparent in the form of breast development in girls and testicular enlargement in boys prior to the typical physiological age ranges. Although intracranial pathology, exposure to high levels of sex steroids, or environmental risk factors can precipitate CPP, the majority of cases are idiopathic. Monogenic causes have also been identified. We provide a concise summary of the pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of CPP in this review. A referral to pediatric endocrinology should be initiated when there is concern for CPP. The diagnosis is confirmed through clinical, biochemical, radiological, and genetic testing. The primary objectives of administering a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog to patients with CPP are to increase adult height and postpone the development of secondary sexual characteristics until a later age that is more compatible with peer norms. Although the long-term results of treatment with GnRH analogs are encouraging, further research is required to investigate the psychological impact of CPP.

性早熟:全面检讨诊断和临床表现,病因,和治疗。
中枢性性早熟(CPP)的特征是下丘脑-垂体-性腺(HPG)轴的早期激活,在典型的生理年龄范围之前,女孩乳房发育和男孩睾丸增大的形式很明显。虽然颅内病理、暴露于高水平的性类固醇或环境危险因素可诱发CPP,但大多数病例是特发性的。单基因原因也已被确定。在这篇综述中,我们对CPP的病理生理、危险因素、诊断和治疗进行了简要的总结。当有CPP的担忧时,应开始转介到儿科内分泌科。诊断通过临床、生化、放射学和基因检测得到证实。对CPP患者使用促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)类似物的主要目的是增加成人身高,推迟第二性征的发育,直到更晚的年龄,更符合同龄人的标准。虽然用GnRH类似物治疗的长期结果令人鼓舞,但还需要进一步的研究来调查CPP的心理影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Asian Biomedicine
Asian Biomedicine 医学-医学:研究与实验
CiteScore
1.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
24
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Asian Biomedicine: Research, Reviews and News (ISSN 1905-7415 print; 1875-855X online) is published in one volume (of 6 bimonthly issues) a year since 2007. [...]Asian Biomedicine is an international, general medical and biomedical journal that aims to publish original peer-reviewed contributions dealing with various topics in the biomedical and health sciences from basic experimental to clinical aspects. The work and authorship must be strongly affiliated with a country in Asia, or with specific importance and relevance to the Asian region. The Journal will publish reviews, original experimental studies, observational studies, technical and clinical (case) reports, practice guidelines, historical perspectives of Asian biomedicine, clinicopathological conferences, and commentaries Asian biomedicine is intended for a broad and international audience, primarily those in the health professions including researchers, physician practitioners, basic medical scientists, dentists, educators, administrators, those in the assistive professions, such as nurses, and the many types of allied health professionals in research and health care delivery systems including those in training.
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