Rational design of fused-ring-modified rhodamine chemosensors for salicylic acid detection: its mechanistic insights and biological application.

IF 3.9 2区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED
Mei-Hong Ge, A-Ling Tang, Feng Gao, Shuai Tan, Wei Niu, Xiang Zhou, Song Yang
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Salicylic acid (SA) functions as a critical phytohormone coordinating developmental regulation and defense responses in plants. Understanding SA's regulatory roles in both homeostasis and stress adaptation necessitates advanced monitoring platforms. We designed six rhodamine probes (R1-R6) containing spirolactam or spirohydrazone bridges to systematically evaluate five-membered spiro structures for SA detection. Furthermore, through Fourier infrared experiments (FTIR) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we performed molecular orbital analysis to disclose the SA-responsive mechanism underlying the rhodamine ring-opening process induced by SA. Comparative analysis revealed that spirohydrazone-modified probes displayed enhanced fluorescence performance and improved molecular recognition specificity for SA. The optimized probe R2, incorporating a quinoline moiety, achieved exceptional sensing performance through synergistic hydrogen bonding and C-H…π interactions, demonstrating high selectivity, rapid response kinetics (< 30 s), and excellent sensitivity (LOD = 0.87 μM). Overall, this study successfully visualized endogenous SA distribution in living tomato root systems, establishing a novel design framework for acylhydrazone-based rhodamine sensors and elucidating the SA response mechanism through molecular dynamics simulations.

水杨酸检测用融合环修饰罗丹明化学传感器的合理设计:机理及生物学应用。
水杨酸(Salicylic acid, SA)是协调植物发育调控和防御反应的重要植物激素。了解SA在体内平衡和应激适应中的调节作用需要先进的监测平台。我们设计了六种含有螺内酰胺或螺腙桥的罗丹明探针(R1-R6),系统地评估了用于SA检测的五元螺旋结构。此外,通过傅里叶红外实验(FTIR)和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算,我们进行了分子轨道分析,揭示了SA诱导罗丹明开环过程的SA响应机制。对比分析表明,螺腙修饰探针具有增强的荧光性能和提高的SA分子识别特异性。优化后的探针R2包含喹啉基团,通过协同氢键和C-H…π相互作用实现了卓越的传感性能,表现出高选择性,快速响应动力学(
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来源期刊
Molecular Diversity
Molecular Diversity 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
7.90%
发文量
219
审稿时长
2.7 months
期刊介绍: Molecular Diversity is a new publication forum for the rapid publication of refereed papers dedicated to describing the development, application and theory of molecular diversity and combinatorial chemistry in basic and applied research and drug discovery. The journal publishes both short and full papers, perspectives, news and reviews dealing with all aspects of the generation of molecular diversity, application of diversity for screening against alternative targets of all types (biological, biophysical, technological), analysis of results obtained and their application in various scientific disciplines/approaches including: combinatorial chemistry and parallel synthesis; small molecule libraries; microwave synthesis; flow synthesis; fluorous synthesis; diversity oriented synthesis (DOS); nanoreactors; click chemistry; multiplex technologies; fragment- and ligand-based design; structure/function/SAR; computational chemistry and molecular design; chemoinformatics; screening techniques and screening interfaces; analytical and purification methods; robotics, automation and miniaturization; targeted libraries; display libraries; peptides and peptoids; proteins; oligonucleotides; carbohydrates; natural diversity; new methods of library formulation and deconvolution; directed evolution, origin of life and recombination; search techniques, landscapes, random chemistry and more;
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