Wolfiporia extensa Extract-Loaded Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Cerium Oxide-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites as Advanced Antioxidant Platform for Bone Tissue Regeneration.

Abstract

Excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to hinder effective bone regeneration by inducing oxidative stress in osteogenic environments. In this study, we developed novel nanocomposites (NCs) composed of green-synthesized cerium oxide (CeO₂), bovine-derived hydroxyapatite (HA), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and Wolfiporia extensa (WE) extract. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization confirmed the nanocomposites' uniform morphology (average size ∼201 nm) and colloidal stability (zeta potential -32.6 mV). Notably, these NCs displayed strong antioxidant activity, significantly improving the survival of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts exposed to H₂O₂-induced stress (64.9% viability at 31.2 μg/mL). Furthermore, the composites significantly enhanced calcium deposition by 72.2%, indicating promoted osteogenic differentiation, and increased cell migration by 25.5% compared to the untreated control group. Biocompatibility was corroborated through chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays. Collectively, the CeO₂/HA/CMC/WE NCs present a promising approach to mitigating oxidative stress and facilitating bone repair in ROS-compromised conditions.