Investigating Hurricane-Induced Salt Variation Across the Land-Estuary-Ocean Continuum Using a Dynamically Coupled Hydrological-Ocean Model

IF 3.3 2区 地球科学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY
Xiaochen Zhao, Z. George Xue, Daoyang Bao, John Warner, Yanda Ou
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Abstract

Salinity variations across the Land-Estuary-Ocean (LEO) continuum are critical for coastal ecosystems and impact the socioeconomic benefits to local communities. However, evaluating these variations is challenging due to the complex interactions of terrestrial and oceanic processes, including river discharge, winds, tides, sea level rise, and storms. This study incorporates a salinity module into a newly developed dynamically coupled hydrological-ocean model on the COAWST platform, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the first process-based modeling that achieves seamless two-way land-ocean water and salt exchanges across the LEO continuum, facilitating simulations of landward salt input and transport. Using Hurricane Florence (2018) as a case study, we examined how various physical processes influence salinity dynamics and freshwater plume development in the Cape Fear River Estuary, North Carolina. The model simulated saltwater intrusion into freshwater wetlands upstream of the estuary and demonstrated that salinity in the estuary was initially regulated by wind-driven water level gradients, followed by a dominant influence from significant river runoff. In the coastal ocean, runoff created a large freshwater plume that moved westward, driven by the interplay between runoff, winds, and the estuary's geomorphology. The excellent performance of the coupling approach for salinity simulation underscores the importance of the seamless transport of water and salt at the land-ocean interface. This study demonstrates that the coupled model is a valuable tool for representing saltwater intrusion, tracking coastal pollutants, and understanding water and material exchange across the LEO continuum.

Abstract Image

利用动态耦合水文-海洋模型研究陆地-河口-海洋连续体中飓风引起的盐变化
陆地-河口-海洋(LEO)连续体的盐度变化对沿海生态系统至关重要,并影响当地社区的社会经济效益。然而,由于河流流量、风、潮汐、海平面上升和风暴等陆地和海洋过程的复杂相互作用,评估这些变化具有挑战性。本研究将盐度模块整合到COAWST平台上新开发的动态耦合水文-海洋模型中,据我们所知,这是第一个基于过程的模型,实现了跨LEO连续体的无缝双向陆地-海洋水和盐交换,促进了向陆地盐输入和运输的模拟。以佛罗伦萨飓风(2018年)为例,我们研究了各种物理过程如何影响北卡罗来纳州开普菲尔河河口的盐度动态和淡水羽流发展。该模型模拟了河口上游淡水湿地的盐水入侵,结果表明,河口盐度最初受风驱动的水位梯度调节,其次是显著的河流径流的主导影响。在沿海的海洋中,在径流、风和河口地貌的相互作用下,径流形成了一个向西移动的大型淡水羽流。耦合方法在盐度模拟中的优异性能强调了水和盐在陆地-海洋界面上无缝传输的重要性。这项研究表明,耦合模型是一个有价值的工具,可以代表盐水入侵,跟踪沿海污染物,了解LEO连续体中的水和物质交换。
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来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans
Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans Earth and Planetary Sciences-Oceanography
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
13.90%
发文量
429
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