Boron-doped diamond electrodes for electrochemical glucose detection via enzymatic and non-enzymatic approaches

Abstract

The development of highly sensitive and reliable glucose sensors has driven significant interest in boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes due to their exceptional electrochemical properties. With superior chemical stability, a wide potential window, low background current, and excellent electrical conductivity, BDD provides an optimal platform for precise, stable, and interference-free glucose detection. It's remarkable fouling resistance and resilience against chemical degradation further enhance long-term reliability in both biological and laboratory settings. This article reviews recent advancements in BDD-based glucose sensors, focusing on surface modifications and electrode enhancements that improve performance of BDD for glucose detection. Both enzymatic and non-enzymatic detection strategies have been explored, demonstrating low detection limits, high sensitivity, and excellent stability. These innovations hold promise for a wide range of applications, including clinical diagnostics for diabetes, food and beverage industry quality control, and environmental monitoring, particularly in assessing glucose levels in water and soil, expanding the scope of BDD-based sensors.