Penetrating Sphenoid Sinus Injuries in Children: A Comprehensive Literature Review.

Adel Azar, Ahmad Alkheder, Ahmad Mustafa
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Abstract

Penetrating foreign bodies in the pediatric sphenoid sinus are exceptionally rare and pose significant diagnostic and surgical challenges due to the sinus's proximity to critical neurovascular structures. We present the case of an 11 year-old boy who sustained a penetrating injury from a 7 mm bullet that entered through the floor of the frontal sinus, traversed the ethmoid sinus, and lodged in the right sphenoid sinus near the carotid canal and optic nerve. Initial assessment revealed hemodynamic stability and no active bleeding or neurological deficits. Non-contrast computed tomography precisely localized the metallic foreign body and confirmed an intact surrounding neurovascular architecture, with no intracranial injury. A multidisciplinary team opted for functional endoscopic sinus surgery to minimize risks to adjacent structures. The bullet was successfully extracted under endoscopic guidance without any complications. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with no evidence of infection, nor cerebrospinal fluid leak, nor neurological sequelae. This case underscores the pivotal role of advanced imaging in guiding surgical planning and the efficacy of minimally-invasive endoscopic techniques in pediatric sinonasal trauma. The absence of intraoperative complications highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, anatomical knowledge, and early intervention to mitigate risks of infection or increasing surrounding fibrosis. delayed neurovascular injury might be avoided. While isolated pediatric sphenoid sinus foreign bodies remain rare, this report reinforces the value of tailored imaging protocols, endoscopic proficiency, and collaborative care in optimizing outcomes. Future studies should focus on standardizing management strategies and exploring emerging technologies to enhance precision in this anatomically-complex population.

儿童穿透性蝶窦损伤:综合文献综述。
穿透儿童蝶窦的异物是非常罕见的,由于蝶窦靠近关键的神经血管结构,这给诊断和手术带来了重大挑战。我们报告一个11岁男孩的病例,他遭受了一颗7毫米子弹的穿透伤,子弹穿过额窦的底部,穿过筛窦,并在颈动脉管和视神经附近的右侧蝶窦中。初步评估显示血流动力学稳定,无活动性出血或神经功能缺损。非对比计算机断层扫描精确定位金属异物,并证实周围神经血管结构完整,无颅内损伤。一个多学科团队选择功能性内窥镜鼻窦手术,以尽量减少对邻近结构的风险。在内镜引导下成功取出子弹,无任何并发症。术后恢复顺利,无感染迹象,无脑脊液漏,无神经系统后遗症。本病例强调了先进影像在指导手术计划中的关键作用,以及微创内镜技术在儿童鼻外伤中的疗效。术中无并发症突出了跨学科合作、解剖学知识和早期干预的重要性,以减轻感染或增加周围纤维化的风险。可避免迟发性神经血管损伤。虽然孤立的小儿蝶窦异物仍然很少见,但本报告强调了量身定制的成像方案,内窥镜熟练程度和协作护理在优化结果中的价值。未来的研究应侧重于规范管理策略和探索新兴技术,以提高这一解剖复杂人群的精确度。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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