Pattern and correlates of coronary artery disease among patients referred for coronary angiography at Abuad Multisystem Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria: a descriptive cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Introduction: coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a notable cause of mortality worldwide. Angiographic diagnosis of CAD is not widely available in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the pattern and correlates of CAD among patients referred for coronary angiography in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.

Methods: patients with clinical suspicion of CAD who were referred for coronary angiography at Afe Babalola University Multi-System Hospital (AMSH) from August 2019 to December 2020 were recruited into the study after a written informed consent was obtained. Serum fasting lipids, electrolytes, urea and creatinine and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were assessed. All patients had coronary angiography.

Results: forty-six (46) patients were recruited into the study. The mean age among patients who had CAD was 52.12 years (±10.34). There were 15 (32.6%) females in the study population. CAD was confirmed in 18/46 (39.1%) patients. Triple vessel disease (TVD) was seen in 9/18 (50.0%) of patients who had CAD, hence, the most prevalent CAD disease pattern. ESR was significantly prolonged among patients who had CAD compared to patients who did not have CAD on univariate analysis while diabetes mellitus was an independent risk factor for CAD and conferred a greater than 7-fold risk for CAD (aOR: 7.28, 95% CI 1.15-46.16; p = 0.035).

Conclusion: diabetes mellitus was an independent risk factor for CAD. Triple vessel disease was the most common pattern of CAD in our study. ESR was associated with CAD.