A novel approach to flow visualization through mechanical heart valves.

Abstract

Mechanical heart valves (MHVs) are indispensable in managing valvular disease, yet they often lack the hemodynamic efficiency of native valves and require lifelong anticoagulation therapy to mitigate thrombus formation. This study introduces a novel bileaflet mechanical heart valve (BMHV), the iValve, designed to address these challenges by more closely emulating native valve performance. Central to this research is the development of a custom-built steady-state flow simulator, which provides a cost-effective and innovative approach to visualizing flow dynamics through MHVs. Unlike traditional methods, this simulator allows for detailed observation of flow patterns, focusing on critical regions such as the central flow and hinge areas.Using the novel flow simulator, the flow through the iValve was compared to that of conventional BMHVs, including the SJM/Abbott Regent and On-X valves. The iValve exhibited significantly reduced flow disturbances and vortex formation in the central flow region and effective hinge washing during the forward flow phase. These preliminary findings suggest that the iValve design minimizes energy loss and shear stress on blood elements, potentially reducing or eliminating the need for anticoagulation therapy. The steady-state flow simulator proved invaluable in these assessments, offering precise, qualitative insights into flow behavior that would be challenging to achieve with other methods. Future work, including pulsatile flow simulations and in vivo testing, will further explore the iValve's clinical potential and validate these promising results.