Sensory-Cognitive Profiles in Children with ADHD: Exploring Perceptual-Motor, Auditory, and Oculomotor Function.

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Bioengineering Pub Date : 2025-06-07 DOI:10.3390/bioengineering12060621

Danjela Ibrahimi, Marcos Aviles, Rafael Rojas-Galván, Juvenal Rodríguez Reséndiz

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: This observational cross-sectional study aimed to comprehensively evaluate sensory-cognitive performance in children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), with a focus on auditory processing, visual-perceptual abilities, visual-motor integration, and oculomotor function. The study further examined how hyperactivity, age, and gender may influence these domains.

Methods: A total of 70 non-medicated children with clinically diagnosed ADHD (mean age = 9.1±2.4 years; 67.1% male), all with normal visual acuity, were assessed using four standardized instruments: the Test of Auditory Processing Skills, Third Edition (TAPS-3), the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills, Fourth Edition (TVPS-4), the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration, Sixth Edition (VMI-6), and the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) Test. Statistical analyses included one sample and independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients.

Results: Participants demonstrated significantly above-average performance in auditory processing (TAPS-3: μ=108.4, std=7.8), average visual-perceptual abilities (TVPS-4: μ=100.9, std=7.2), slightly below-average visual-motor integration (VMI-6: μ=97.1, std=9.0), and marked deficits in oculomotor efficiency (DEM ratio: μ=87.3, std=18.1). Statistically significant differences were observed across these domains (t-values ranging from 2.9 to 7.2, p<0.01). Children with hyperactive-impulsive presentations exhibited lower horizontal DEM scores (μ=73.4, std=12.3) compared to inattentive counterparts (μ=82.9, std=16.2; p=0.009). Age and sex influenced specific subtest scores, with boys and children aged 8-9 years achieving higher outcomes in word memory (p=0.042) and visual discrimination (p=0.034), respectively. Moderate correlations were identified between auditory and visual-perceptual skills (r=0.32, p=0.007), and between visual-perceptual and oculomotor performance (r=0.25, p=0.035).

Conclusions: The findings from this sample reveal a distinct sensory-cognitive profile in children with ADHD, characterized by relatively preserved auditory processing and pronounced oculomotor deficits. These results underscore the value of a multimodal assessment protocol that includes oculomotor and visual efficiency evaluations. The conclusions pertain specifically to the cohort studied and should not be generalized to all populations with ADHD without further validation.

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ADHD儿童的感觉-认知特征：探索知觉-运动、听觉和动眼肌功能。

目的：本观察性横断面研究旨在综合评估诊断为注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的感觉认知表现，重点关注听觉加工、视觉感知能力、视觉运动整合和动眼肌功能。该研究进一步研究了多动症、年龄和性别如何影响这些领域。方法：共70例临床诊断为ADHD的未服药儿童(平均年龄= 9.1±2.4岁；67.1%男性)，所有视力正常，使用四种标准化工具进行评估：听觉处理技能测试，第三版（TAPS-3），视觉感知技能测试，第四版（TVPS-4），比尔里-布克特尼卡视觉运动整合发展测试，第六版（VMI-6）和眼动发展性测试（DEM）。统计分析包括单样本和独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析和Pearson相关系数。结果：被试在听觉加工（TAPS-3: μ=108.4, std=7.8）、视觉知觉能力（TVPS-4: μ=100.9, std=7.2）、视觉运动整合能力（VMI-6: μ=97.1, std=9.0）和动眼力效率（DEM比：μ=87.3, std=18.1）上均有显著高于平均水平的表现。在这些领域中观察到统计学上显著的差异（t值范围从2.9到7.2）。结论：该样本的发现揭示了ADHD儿童明显的感觉认知特征，其特征是相对保留的听觉加工和明显的动眼肌缺陷。这些结果强调了包括动眼力和视觉效率评估在内的多模式评估方案的价值。该结论仅适用于研究的队列，不应在未经进一步验证的情况下推广到所有ADHD人群。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Bioengineering Chemical Engineering-Bioengineering

CiteScore

4.00

自引率

8.70%

发文量

661

期刊介绍： Aims Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354) provides an advanced forum for the science and technology of bioengineering. It publishes original research papers, comprehensive reviews, communications and case reports. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. All aspects of bioengineering are welcomed from theoretical concepts to education and applications. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. There are, in addition, four key features of this Journal: ● We are introducing a new concept in scientific and technical publications “The Translational Case Report in Bioengineering”. It is a descriptive explanatory analysis of a transformative or translational event. Understanding that the goal of bioengineering scholarship is to advance towards a transformative or clinical solution to an identified transformative/clinical need, the translational case report is used to explore causation in order to find underlying principles that may guide other similar transformative/translational undertakings. ● Manuscripts regarding research proposals and research ideas will be particularly welcomed. ● Electronic files and software regarding the full details of the calculation and experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material. ● We also accept manuscripts communicating to a broader audience with regard to research projects financed with public funds. Scope ● Bionics and biological cybernetics: implantology; bio–abio interfaces ● Bioelectronics: wearable electronics; implantable electronics; “more than Moore” electronics; bioelectronics devices ● Bioprocess and biosystems engineering and applications: bioprocess design; biocatalysis; bioseparation and bioreactors; bioinformatics; bioenergy; etc. ● Biomolecular, cellular and tissue engineering and applications: tissue engineering; chromosome engineering; embryo engineering; cellular, molecular and synthetic biology; metabolic engineering; bio-nanotechnology; micro/nano technologies; genetic engineering; transgenic technology ● Biomedical engineering and applications: biomechatronics; biomedical electronics; biomechanics; biomaterials; biomimetics; biomedical diagnostics; biomedical therapy; biomedical devices; sensors and circuits; biomedical imaging and medical information systems; implants and regenerative medicine; neurotechnology; clinical engineering; rehabilitation engineering ● Biochemical engineering and applications: metabolic pathway engineering; modeling and simulation ● Translational bioengineering