{"title":"The impact and mechanism of HIV infection on tuberculous granuloma formation.","authors":"Geyang Luo, Bo Yan, Yinzhong Shen","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004216","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The co-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and HIV continues to pose a major challenge to healthcare systems. Currently, the effects of HIV infection on tuberculous granulomas are not fully understood. This review discusses the impact of HIV infection on the formation and function of tuberculous granulomas, highlighting key immunological mechanisms and the interactions between HIV and MTB infections. The co-infection results in atypical granulomas with weakened immune defenses, which facilitate the dissemination of MTB and accelerate the progression of tuberculosis. Additionally, this review explores current animal models used for studying HIV/MTB co-infection, including nonhuman primates, humanized mice, and zebrafish, and emphasizes their limitations in fully replicating human pathological characteristics. This review further emphasizes that the development of humanized animal models can enhance our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying HIV/MTB co-infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":"39 9","pages":"1095-1105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"AIDS","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000004216","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/6/26 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The co-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and HIV continues to pose a major challenge to healthcare systems. Currently, the effects of HIV infection on tuberculous granulomas are not fully understood. This review discusses the impact of HIV infection on the formation and function of tuberculous granulomas, highlighting key immunological mechanisms and the interactions between HIV and MTB infections. The co-infection results in atypical granulomas with weakened immune defenses, which facilitate the dissemination of MTB and accelerate the progression of tuberculosis. Additionally, this review explores current animal models used for studying HIV/MTB co-infection, including nonhuman primates, humanized mice, and zebrafish, and emphasizes their limitations in fully replicating human pathological characteristics. This review further emphasizes that the development of humanized animal models can enhance our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying HIV/MTB co-infection.
期刊介绍：
Publishing the very latest ground breaking research on HIV and AIDS. Read by all the top clinicians and researchers, AIDS has the highest impact of all AIDS-related journals. With 18 issues per year, AIDS guarantees the authoritative presentation of significant advances. The Editors, themselves noted international experts who know the demands of your work, are committed to making AIDS the most distinguished and innovative journal in the field. Submitted articles undergo a preliminary review by the editor. Some articles may be returned to authors without further consideration. Those being considered for publication will undergo further assessment and peer-review by the editors and those invited to do so from a reviewer pool.
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