{"title":"Optimizing Extended-release Formulation of l-tetrahydropalmatine Based on In Vivo Outcomes Using Integrated Modeling Approaches.","authors":"Thi-Phuong-Dung Pham, Huy Minh Dao, Nguyen-My-Linh Pham, Thanh-Vinh Dang, Hoang-Anh Nguyen, Cao-Son Tran, Linh Nguyen Tran, Nguyen-Thach Tung","doi":"10.1208/s12249-025-03165-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>l-Tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) is a promising drug candidate for addiction treatment and needs to be delivered in extended-release dosage forms for safety and efficiency. This study aims to optimize extended-release formulations containing l-THP to achieve desired in vivo outcomes (C<sub>max</sub>, onset of action, and duration of action) by integrating multiple computational tools including in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC), physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK), and design of experiments (DoE). The in vivo predictable dissolution method was chosen based on level A IVIVC. Then, PBPK model was developed and validated to explore the influences of physiological and formulation factors on the bioavailability of l-THP from hydrophilic matrix tablets. Finally, the PBPK model was incorporated with DoE to investigate the impact of formulation variables on in vivo outcomes and optimize the hydrophilic matrix tablet formulation for desired C<sub>max</sub>, start time of action, and duration of action. USP Apparatus I, 450 ml HCl 0.1 N, 100 rpm demonstrated the highest level of correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption, among the tested conditions. The PBPK model accurately predicted l-THP pharmacokinetics, meeting U.S.FDA requirements for prediction errors. The PBPK model identified dissolution parameters and gut first-pass extraction as key factors affecting l-THP bioavailability. The optimized formulation was estimated to exhibit an early onset of action (0.68 h), remain effective for more than 11.4 h, and be safe with C<sub>max</sub> consistently falling within the therapeutic window. The present approach can be applied to design other drug delivery systems for flexible in vivo outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":6925,"journal":{"name":"AAPS PharmSciTech","volume":"26 6","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"AAPS PharmSciTech","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-025-03165-w","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
l-Tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) is a promising drug candidate for addiction treatment and needs to be delivered in extended-release dosage forms for safety and efficiency. This study aims to optimize extended-release formulations containing l-THP to achieve desired in vivo outcomes (Cmax, onset of action, and duration of action) by integrating multiple computational tools including in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC), physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK), and design of experiments (DoE). The in vivo predictable dissolution method was chosen based on level A IVIVC. Then, PBPK model was developed and validated to explore the influences of physiological and formulation factors on the bioavailability of l-THP from hydrophilic matrix tablets. Finally, the PBPK model was incorporated with DoE to investigate the impact of formulation variables on in vivo outcomes and optimize the hydrophilic matrix tablet formulation for desired Cmax, start time of action, and duration of action. USP Apparatus I, 450 ml HCl 0.1 N, 100 rpm demonstrated the highest level of correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption, among the tested conditions. The PBPK model accurately predicted l-THP pharmacokinetics, meeting U.S.FDA requirements for prediction errors. The PBPK model identified dissolution parameters and gut first-pass extraction as key factors affecting l-THP bioavailability. The optimized formulation was estimated to exhibit an early onset of action (0.68 h), remain effective for more than 11.4 h, and be safe with Cmax consistently falling within the therapeutic window. The present approach can be applied to design other drug delivery systems for flexible in vivo outcomes.
l-四氢巴马汀(l-THP)是一种很有前途的成瘾治疗药物,需要以缓释形式给予安全性和有效性。本研究旨在通过整合多种计算工具,包括体内外相关性(IVIVC)、基于生理的药代动力学(PBPK)和实验设计(DoE),优化含有l-THP的缓释制剂,以达到所需的体内结果(Cmax、起效时间和作用持续时间)。以A级IVIVC为基础,选择体内可预测溶出度方法。建立PBPK模型并进行验证,探讨生理因素和处方因素对亲水性基质片l-THP生物利用度的影响。最后,将PBPK模型与DoE相结合,研究处方变量对体内结果的影响,并优化亲水基质片的处方,以获得所需的Cmax、起效时间和作用时间。USP仪器I, 450 ml HCl 0.1 N, 100 rpm,在测试条件中,体外溶出度和体内吸收之间的相关性最高。PBPK模型准确预测l-THP药代动力学,满足美国fda对预测误差的要求。PBPK模型确定溶出参数和肠道第一次提取是影响l-THP生物利用度的关键因素。据估计,优化后的配方具有早起效(0.68小时),持续有效时间超过11.4小时,且Cmax持续落在治疗窗口内是安全的。目前的方法可以应用于设计灵活的体内结果的其他药物输送系统。
期刊介绍:
AAPS PharmSciTech is a peer-reviewed, online-only journal committed to serving those pharmaceutical scientists and engineers interested in the research, development, and evaluation of pharmaceutical dosage forms and delivery systems, including drugs derived from biotechnology and the manufacturing science pertaining to the commercialization of such dosage forms. Because of its electronic nature, AAPS PharmSciTech aspires to utilize evolving electronic technology to enable faster and diverse mechanisms of information delivery to its readership. Submission of uninvited expert reviews and research articles are welcomed.