Increasing airflow ventilation in a nasal maxillary ostium using optimised shape and pulsating flows.

IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 BIOPHYSICS
Patrick Warfield-McAlpine, David F Fletcher, Fiona Zhang, Kiao Inthavong
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Abstract

Ventilation of the maxillary sinus is essential for regulating pressure, preventing infection and providing mucous to the nasal anatomy. During infection, the pathway between the sinus and the nasal airway (ostia) can become inflamed and restrict ventilation. Surgery is often required to restore airflow. The current surgical standard involves the widening of the ostium. Although this restores fluid flow, it has been linked to post-surgical sequelae. This study examined the effects of pulsating flow and geometric modifications on airflow distribution in a T-junction model analogous to a nasal maxillary ostium. A circular T-junction with variable anterior and posterior radius of curvature ( R c ) was used to simulate airflow through the nasal maxillary ostium, investigating flow behaviour under oscillatory inlet velocities at frequencies of 30, 45, 60, and 75 Hz. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations assessed how flow distribution through the nasal cavity and maxillary ostium (represented by the x- and y-branches) is affected by curvature and oscillatory frequency, focusing on implications for respiratory airflow, particle delivery and inhalation toxicology. Results indicated that increasing the anterior R c enhanced airflow into the y-branch (analogous to the maxillary ostium), while posterior curvature had minimal impact. Higher oscillatory frequencies increased reverse flow, which may improve ventilation but could interfere with consistent drug delivery. These insights are valuable for optimising respiratory therapies and inhalation toxicology.

使用优化的形状和脉动流增加鼻上颌口的气流通气。
上颌窦的通气对于调节压力、防止感染和为鼻解剖提供粘液是必不可少的。在感染期间,鼻窦和鼻道(口)之间的通道可能会发炎并限制通气。通常需要手术来恢复气流。目前的手术标准包括扩大口。虽然这可以恢复体液流动,但它与手术后的后遗症有关。本研究在一个类似于鼻上颌口的t型结模型中研究了脉动流和几何变化对气流分布的影响。采用具有可变前后曲率半径(rc)的圆形t型结来模拟通过鼻上颌口的气流,研究在频率为30、45、60和75 Hz的振荡入口速度下的气流行为。计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟评估了通过鼻腔和上颌口(由x和y分支表示)的气流分布如何受到曲率和振荡频率的影响,重点关注呼吸气流、颗粒输送和吸入毒理学的影响。结果表明,增加前弯度可以增强进入y支(类似于上颌口)的气流,而后弯度的影响最小。较高的振荡频率会增加逆流,这可能会改善通气,但可能会干扰持续的药物输送。这些见解对于优化呼吸疗法和吸入毒理学是有价值的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology
Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 工程技术-工程:生物医学
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
8.60%
发文量
119
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Mechanics regulates biological processes at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and organism levels. A goal of this journal is to promote basic and applied research that integrates the expanding knowledge-bases in the allied fields of biomechanics and mechanobiology. Approaches may be experimental, theoretical, or computational; they may address phenomena at the nano, micro, or macrolevels. Of particular interest are investigations that (1) quantify the mechanical environment in which cells and matrix function in health, disease, or injury, (2) identify and quantify mechanosensitive responses and their mechanisms, (3) detail inter-relations between mechanics and biological processes such as growth, remodeling, adaptation, and repair, and (4) report discoveries that advance therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. Especially encouraged are analytical and computational models based on solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, or thermomechanics, and their interactions; also encouraged are reports of new experimental methods that expand measurement capabilities and new mathematical methods that facilitate analysis.
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