Modelling growth rates and developing an age determination tool for nestling Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciata

IF 2.2 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Savvas Iezekiel, Jakub Z. Kosicki, Reuven Yosef, Dimitrios E. Bakaloudis, Christos G. Vlachos
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Understanding the growth rate of nestlings is essential for explaining developmental strategies and is particularly important for birds of prey. Given that they have lower reproduction rates than other species, the growth rate could be one of the critical factors determining parental fitness and influencing the individual's condition. Despite variability often resulting from various stress conditions, the growth rate is predictable for given ages of nestlings, as highlighted here. This study investigates the growth dynamics of Bonelli's Eagle (Aquila fasciata) nestlings in the Republic of Cyprus, focusing on 13 biometric variables measured over time. We employed logistic and generalized additive models to analyse growth trajectories and identify predictors of age. Our findings highlight that nestlings achieve maximum growth rates in body mass and tarsus length early in development, followed by primary feathers and wing length. Conversely, head width, beak dimensions, and talon length exhibit slower and more gradual growth. Precisely describing the rate and pattern of growth of individual body components enabled us to develop a tool for predicting age. We found that wing, tarsus, and middle talon lengths are the most reliable predictors of nestling age. The effectiveness test of our predictive model conducted on an independent data set showed that the age estimation error is 1 day. Thus, our research provides a deep insight into the eagles’ developmental patterns while offering practical tools for field studies and conservation efforts.

Abstract Image

模拟生长速度,并开发一个年龄测定工具,为雏鹰的波内利鹰的fasciata
了解雏鸟的生长速度对于解释发育策略至关重要,对猛禽尤其重要。鉴于它们的繁殖率低于其他物种,生长速度可能是决定亲代适合度和影响个体状况的关键因素之一。尽管不同的应激条件常常导致生长速率的变化,但对于给定的雏鸟年龄,生长速率是可预测的,如图所示。本研究调查了塞浦路斯共和国博内利鹰(Aquila fasciata)雏鸟的生长动态,重点关注随着时间推移测量的13个生物特征变量。我们采用逻辑模型和广义加性模型来分析生长轨迹并确定年龄的预测因子。我们的研究结果强调,雏鸟在发育早期体重和跗骨长度的生长速度最快,其次是初级羽毛和翅膀长度。相反,头宽,喙的尺寸,和爪的长度表现出缓慢和渐进的增长。精确地描述身体各个部分的生长速度和模式,使我们能够开发出一种预测年龄的工具。我们发现翅膀、跗骨和中爪的长度是最可靠的预测雏鸟年龄的指标。我们的预测模型在独立数据集上的有效性检验表明,年龄估计误差为1天。因此,我们的研究提供了深入了解鹰的发展模式,同时为实地研究和保护工作提供了实用的工具。
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来源期刊
Annals of Applied Biology
Annals of Applied Biology 生物-农业综合
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
71
审稿时长
18-36 weeks
期刊介绍: Annals of Applied Biology is an international journal sponsored by the Association of Applied Biologists. The journal publishes original research papers on all aspects of applied research on crop production, crop protection and the cropping ecosystem. The journal is published both online and in six printed issues per year. Annals papers must contribute substantially to the advancement of knowledge and may, among others, encompass the scientific disciplines of: Agronomy Agrometeorology Agrienvironmental sciences Applied genomics Applied metabolomics Applied proteomics Biodiversity Biological control Climate change Crop ecology Entomology Genetic manipulation Molecular biology Mycology Nematology Pests Plant pathology Plant breeding & genetics Plant physiology Post harvest biology Soil science Statistics Virology Weed biology Annals also welcomes reviews of interest in these subject areas. Reviews should be critical surveys of the field and offer new insights. All papers are subject to peer review. Papers must usually contribute substantially to the advancement of knowledge in applied biology but short papers discussing techniques or substantiated results, and reviews of current knowledge of interest to applied biologists will be considered for publication. Papers or reviews must not be offered to any other journal for prior or simultaneous publication and normally average seven printed pages.
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