SPR turbidity sensor using microstructured POF coated with gold film

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI:10.1016/j.sna.2025.116816

Abdul Ghaffar , Jianqiang Zhou , Mujahid Mehdi , Sadam Hussain , Kamran Ali , Khurram Karim Qureshi , Jianping Yu , Rehan Mehdi , Ahmed Muddassir Khan , Ma Rui

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In this study, a turbidity sensor utilizing a polymer optical fiber is fabricated through micromachining and coated with a gold film is presented and validated (termed mm-POF_Au). The mm-POF_Au turbidity sensor employs intensity modulation principles, leveraging alterations in transmitted light intensity induced by interactions with the light field and surface plasmon resonance phenomena. UV laser is used for micromachining to create a narrow groove structure, and subsequently, a uniform gold coating is applied to the fiber's sensor section. Examinations are conducted on the influence of the machining pitch on the sensor's turbidity response. The experimental results revealed that the mm-POF_Au turbidity sensor exhibits a linear response behavior, exhibiting a resolution of approximately 0.04 NTU, with a functional detection range from 0 to 400 NTU. The sensor's output response is obtained when the machining pitch is set at 400 μm, accompanied by an enhanced sensitivity of 2.4 nW/NTU, thereby also contributing to a more stable performance. In addition to its precision and sensitivity, the sensor's repeatability and susceptibility to temperature variations are also meticulously characterized. Furthermore, this method paves the way for an indirect evaluation of turbidity by exploiting the variations in heat transfer rates attributable to escalating turbidity levels, thereby enriching the scope of turbidity assessment techniques.

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SPR浊度传感器采用微结构POF包覆金膜

在这项研究中，提出并验证了一种利用聚合物光纤通过微加工制成的浊度传感器，并涂上一层金膜（称为mm-POFAu）。mm-POFAu浊度传感器采用强度调制原理，利用与光场和表面等离子体共振现象相互作用引起的透射光强度的变化。紫外激光用于微加工，形成窄槽结构，随后，在光纤传感器部分涂上均匀的金涂层。研究了加工螺距对传感器浊度响应的影响。实验结果表明，mm-POFAu浊度传感器具有线性响应特性，分辨率约为0.04 NTU，功能检测范围为0 ~ 400 NTU。当加工螺距设置为400 μm时，传感器的输出响应得到改善，灵敏度提高到2.4 nW/NTU，性能也更加稳定。除了精度和灵敏度外，传感器的可重复性和对温度变化的敏感性也得到了细致的表征。此外，该方法通过利用可归因于浊度水平升高的传热率的变化，为浊度的间接评估铺平了道路，从而丰富了浊度评估技术的范围。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Sensors and Actuators A-physical 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

6.50%

发文量

630

审稿时长

49 days

期刊介绍： Sensors and Actuators A: Physical brings together multidisciplinary interests in one journal entirely devoted to disseminating information on all aspects of research and development of solid-state devices for transducing physical signals. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical regularly publishes original papers, letters to the Editors and from time to time invited review articles within the following device areas: • Fundamentals and Physics, such as: classification of effects, physical effects, measurement theory, modelling of sensors, measurement standards, measurement errors, units and constants, time and frequency measurement. Modeling papers should bring new modeling techniques to the field and be supported by experimental results. • Materials and their Processing, such as: piezoelectric materials, polymers, metal oxides, III-V and II-VI semiconductors, thick and thin films, optical glass fibres, amorphous, polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon. • Optoelectronic sensors, such as: photovoltaic diodes, photoconductors, photodiodes, phototransistors, positron-sensitive photodetectors, optoisolators, photodiode arrays, charge-coupled devices, light-emitting diodes, injection lasers and liquid-crystal displays. • Mechanical sensors, such as: metallic, thin-film and semiconductor strain gauges, diffused silicon pressure sensors, silicon accelerometers, solid-state displacement transducers, piezo junction devices, piezoelectric field-effect transducers (PiFETs), tunnel-diode strain sensors, surface acoustic wave devices, silicon micromechanical switches, solid-state flow meters and electronic flow controllers. Etc...