Enfermedad venosa aguda

Abstract

Acute venous disease includes thrombosis and trauma, with the latter being much less frequent. It mainly consists of venous thromboembolic disease (VTED), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limbs. DVT is classified according to anatomical area (proximal or distal), etiology (primary or secondary), and episode (first or subsequent). The pathophysiology of DVT involves Virchow's triad: hypercoagulable states, endothelial damage, and venous stasis. The clinical manifestations vary and include pain, edema, and cutaneous signs. Diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion, clinical prediction (Wells score), D-dimer analysis, and confirmation by Doppler ultrasound. Complications can be early (pulmonary embolism) or late (recurrent DVT and post-thrombotic syndrome). Treatment includes hygienic and dietary measures, anticoagulants, fibrinolytics, and surgery in select cases. Superficial vein thrombosis is a common entity that is diagnosed clinically and confirmed via Doppler ultrasound. Treatment includes general measures, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and elastic stockings.