Isquemia arterial aguda

Abstract

Acute arterial ischemia is a serious medical condition characterized by the sudden interruption of arterial blood flow toward a specific limb or territory that lasts for less than two weeks. There are two main pathophysiological causes: embolism and thrombosis. Embolisms occur when material, usually from the heart, travels to an artery in a different area. On the other hand, in thrombosis, the obstruction has an intrinsic origin in the arterial wall (frequently an atheroma plaque). Symptoms depends on the area of arterial occlusion, collateral circulation, and speed of onset. The rule of six Ps (pain, pallor, paresis, pulses, paresthesia, and poikilothermia) summarizes its manifestations. CT angiogram has become the test of choice due to its high resolution, availability, and minimal invasiveness, although arteriography remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of acute ischemia. Treatment must be started immediately after diagnosis. Initial measures include intravenous hydration, systemic heparinization, intravenous analgesia, and adequate oxygenation. The type of surgical treatment will depend on the cause of the ischemia.