{"title":"The role and importance of rare earth elements as dopants for hydroxyapatite structure: a comprehensive review","authors":"Rebaz Obaid Kareem , Bahroz Kareem Mahmood , Azeez A. Barzinjy , Niyazi Bulut , Omer Kaygili , Serhat Keser , Tankut Ates","doi":"10.1016/j.mseb.2025.118545","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This comprehensive review delves into the significance of rare earth elements (REEs) as dopants in hydroxyapatite (HAp) structures, highlighting their role in modulating the material’s crystallinity, solubility, and bioactivity. The unique properties of REEs, such as their ability to form ionic bonds with hydroxyapatite, are discussed in relation to their impact on the material’s interactions with biological molecules. The review also examines the effects of REE doping on the <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> behavior of HAp, including its influence on cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. Furthermore, the potential applications of REE-doped HAp in orthopedic and dental implants, as well as its potential in bone tissue engineering, are explored. This review provides a thorough understanding of the role and importance of REEs as dopants in HAp structures, shedding light on their potential to revolutionize the development of biomaterials for biomedical applications, especially in bone tissues engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18233,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: B","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 118545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Materials Science and Engineering: B","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921510725005690","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the significance of rare earth elements (REEs) as dopants in hydroxyapatite (HAp) structures, highlighting their role in modulating the material’s crystallinity, solubility, and bioactivity. The unique properties of REEs, such as their ability to form ionic bonds with hydroxyapatite, are discussed in relation to their impact on the material’s interactions with biological molecules. The review also examines the effects of REE doping on the in vitro and in vivo behavior of HAp, including its influence on cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. Furthermore, the potential applications of REE-doped HAp in orthopedic and dental implants, as well as its potential in bone tissue engineering, are explored. This review provides a thorough understanding of the role and importance of REEs as dopants in HAp structures, shedding light on their potential to revolutionize the development of biomaterials for biomedical applications, especially in bone tissues engineering.
期刊介绍:
The journal provides an international medium for the publication of theoretical and experimental studies and reviews related to the electronic, electrochemical, ionic, magnetic, optical, and biosensing properties of solid state materials in bulk, thin film and particulate forms. Papers dealing with synthesis, processing, characterization, structure, physical properties and computational aspects of nano-crystalline, crystalline, amorphous and glassy forms of ceramics, semiconductors, layered insertion compounds, low-dimensional compounds and systems, fast-ion conductors, polymers and dielectrics are viewed as suitable for publication. Articles focused on nano-structured aspects of these advanced solid-state materials will also be considered suitable.