Transforming pathology into digital pathology: highway to hell or stairway to heaven?

Abstract

Digital Pathology (DP) is revolutionizing diagnostic surgical pathology, transitioning from traditional microscopy to digital workflows that enhance diagnostic accuracy, streamline processes, and enable cost efficiency. While fully digitized laboratories demonstrate improved efficiency and engagement, adoption remains uneven globally due to infrastructure, cost, and organizational barriers. As a result, European and Asian institutions demonstrate adoption of DP with varying strategies tailored to resource availability and goals. Here we highlight important issues when planning and implementing DP systems. Successful implementation requires robust IT infrastructure (server, random access memory, network speed), including integrated image management and laboratory information systems, and scalable storage solutions. Selecting the appropriate scanners and optimizing workflows are critical, guided by specific institutional needs such as slide volume, turnaround times, and digitization scope. Financially, DP demands significant initial investment but offers long-term benefits in operational efficiency, cost savings, and workforce optimization. Image analysis integration and national initiatives are key drivers for DP adoption, addressing diagnostic challenges and fostering collaboration. Overcoming obstacles such as high costs, technical complexity, and resistance from pathologists is essential. As technology advances and costs decrease, DP is poised to transform pathology with improved diagnostic workflows, quality control, and accessibility.