Optimal placement of phasor measurement unit for implementation of WAMS in a grid system

Abstract

The effective operation of power systems relies on real-time monitoring and control to ensure stability and reliability through rapid fault detection and service restoration. The supervisory control and data acquisition system-based monitoring play a significant role in grid supervision, but it lacks the time-synchronized phasor measurements needed for dynamic grid analysis. In this context, phasor measurement units (PMUs) play a vital role, providing high-resolution, synchronized data for more accurate and effective grid monitoring. However, the bulk volume of PMU data leads to traffic in data transmission that causes a delay in data reception at the control center. This, in turn, affects the effectiveness of the protection system. In this regard, a data traffic model is introduced in a wide-area monitoring system (WAMS) to estimate the data traffic index (DTI), reducing the number of PMUs installed to minimize system cost. This paper proposes the application of the teaching learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm for solving optimal PMU placement (OPP) problems that considers the WAMS DTI and installation cost index. In addition, the zero injection bus case is considered to reduce the number of PMUs further, thereby reducing installation costs. The TLBO algorithm is tested on the Indian utility grid 62-bus system, 49-bus system, 83-bus system in Tamil Nadu, and 31-bus system in Kerala state. The simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithm in solving OPP problems.