Exploration of the phytochemical evaluation, chemical profile, and antimicrobial activities of cashew nut shell oil, a potential medicinal plant for various applications

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products Pub Date : 2025-06-22 DOI:10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100291

Gerheart Winfred Ashong , Christian Edem Darko , Eliot Pappoe , Boansi Adu Ababio , Edward Ebow Kwaansa-Ansah

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Abstract

Background

Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), a by-product of cashew nut processing, is known for its bioactive compounds, potential antimicrobial, antioxidant, and pharmaceutical applications.

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and chemical profile of CNSL, providing scientific evaluation for its potential therapeutic and industrial applications.

Method

After the CNSL was extracted using Soxhlet extraction, its chemical composition was investigated using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS), and functional group identification using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Also its phytochemical components and antimicrobial activity against organisms were evaluated.

Results

The FTIR and GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic groups which contributes to the antimicrobial activity observed.

The phytochemical analysis of CNSL extract revealed the presence of phenols, tannins, terpenoids, amino acids, and flavonoids, across the different solvent extracts.

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) showed that the extract was most effective against Streptococcus pyogene and Bacillus subtilis (25 mg/mL) and less effective against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli (50 mg/mL).

Conclusion

The CNSL's phytochemical constituents highlight its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent, especially against gram-positive bacteria, indicating its potential applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Further studies are needed to quantify, assess cytotoxicity, and develop CNSL-based products.

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腰果壳油是一种潜在的药用植物，其植物化学评价、化学性质和抗菌活性的探讨

腰果壳液（cashew nut shell liquid， CNSL）是腰果加工的副产品，具有生物活性化合物、潜在的抗菌、抗氧化和制药应用。目的对其植物化学成分、抗菌活性和化学性质进行评价，为其潜在的治疗和工业应用提供科学依据。方法采用索氏提取法提取CNSL后，采用气相色谱-质谱联用分析（GC-MS）对其化学成分进行分析，采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对其官能团进行鉴定。并对其植物化学成分和抑菌活性进行了评价。结果FTIR和GC-MS分析证实了其抗菌活性与酚类物质的存在有关。植物化学分析表明，在不同溶剂提取物中存在酚类、单宁类、萜类、氨基酸和类黄酮。最低抑菌浓度（MIC）表明，提取物对化脓性链球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌效果最佳（25 mg/mL），对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌效果较差（50 mg/mL）。结论CNSL的植物化学成分显示了其作为天然抗菌药物的潜力，特别是对革兰氏阳性菌的抗菌作用，在制药、食品和化妆品等行业具有潜在的应用前景。需要进一步的研究来量化、评估细胞毒性，并开发基于cnsl的产品。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

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