Nutrition in pregnancy and the early years

Abstract

Balancing evidence with everyday implementation The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has published new UK guidelines on maternal and child nutrition,1 at a time of growing recognition of the critical role of early life nutrition in long term health outcomes.23 Optimal nutrition during pregnancy and early childhood has lasting effects on growth, development, and future health for both mother and her offspring.4 The guidelines, summarised in a linked BMJ education article,5 provide a comprehensive framework for healthcare professionals, aiming to improve nutrition during pregnancy and in children under 5 years by making recommendations related to vitamin supplementation, healthy weight in pregnancy, and optimal feeding practices in early childhood. One challenge with the updated guidelines is the considerable responsibility placed on families—potentially exacerbating inequalities. Specifically, calls for homemade meals and reductions in processed food consumption are unrealistic for many families facing economic hardship or time constraints. These practical challenges risk reinforcing, rather than alleviating, health inequalities. In addition, many of the recommendations target population level public health goals, such as vitamin supplementation and fostering a healthier eating environment, rather than interventions that healthcare professionals can implement. …