{"title":"Association of Epstein-Barr virus genomic alterations with human pathologies.","authors":"Htet Thiri Khine,Yoshitaka Sato,Motoharu Hamada,Miki Umeda,Akira Iizuka,Shika Son,Haruto Arai,Yuki Kojima,Takahiro Watanabe,Azumi Naruse,Kimitoshi Goto,Koichi Ohshima,Yuta Akutsu,Masato Nakaguro,Akira Satou,Hiromi Kataoka,Yoshinori Ito,Akihisa Sawada,Seiichi Kato,Jun-Ichi Kawada,Takayuki Murata,Yusuke Okuno,Hiroshi Kimura","doi":"10.1182/blood.2024028055","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects over 90% of humans and is associated with both hematological and epithelial malignancies. Here, we analyzed 990 EBV genomes (319 newly sequenced and 671 from public databases) from patients with various diseases to comprehensively characterize genomic variations, including single nucleotide variations (SNVs) and structural variations (SVs). While most SNVs were a result of conservative evolution and reflected the geographical origins of the viral genomes, we identified several convergent SNV hotspots within the central homology domain of EBNA3B, the transactivation domain of EBNA2, and the second transmembrane domain of LMP1. These convergent SNVs appear to fine-tune viral protein functionality and immunogenicity. SVs, particularly large deletions, were frequently observed in chronic active EBV disease (28%), EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (48%), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (41%), and Burkitt lymphoma (25%), but were less common in infectious mononucleosis (11%), post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (7%), and epithelial malignancies (5%). In hematological malignancies, deletions often targeted viral microRNA clusters, potentially promoting viral reactivation and lymphomagenesis. Non-deletion SVs, such as inversions, were also prevalent, with several inversions disrupting the C promoter to suppress latent gene expression, thereby maintaining viral dormancy. Furthermore, recurrent EBNA3B deletions suggested that this viral transcription factor functions as a tumor suppressor. EBNA3B knockout experiments in vitro revealed downregulation of human tumor suppressors, including PTEN and RB1, which could explain the enhanced lymphomagenesis observed in EBNA3B-deficient lymphoblastoid cell line xenografts. Our findings highlight both disease-specific and general contributions of EBV genomic alterations to human cancers, particularly in hematological malignancies.","PeriodicalId":9102,"journal":{"name":"Blood","volume":"635 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Blood","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2024028055","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"HEMATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects over 90% of humans and is associated with both hematological and epithelial malignancies. Here, we analyzed 990 EBV genomes (319 newly sequenced and 671 from public databases) from patients with various diseases to comprehensively characterize genomic variations, including single nucleotide variations (SNVs) and structural variations (SVs). While most SNVs were a result of conservative evolution and reflected the geographical origins of the viral genomes, we identified several convergent SNV hotspots within the central homology domain of EBNA3B, the transactivation domain of EBNA2, and the second transmembrane domain of LMP1. These convergent SNVs appear to fine-tune viral protein functionality and immunogenicity. SVs, particularly large deletions, were frequently observed in chronic active EBV disease (28%), EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (48%), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (41%), and Burkitt lymphoma (25%), but were less common in infectious mononucleosis (11%), post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (7%), and epithelial malignancies (5%). In hematological malignancies, deletions often targeted viral microRNA clusters, potentially promoting viral reactivation and lymphomagenesis. Non-deletion SVs, such as inversions, were also prevalent, with several inversions disrupting the C promoter to suppress latent gene expression, thereby maintaining viral dormancy. Furthermore, recurrent EBNA3B deletions suggested that this viral transcription factor functions as a tumor suppressor. EBNA3B knockout experiments in vitro revealed downregulation of human tumor suppressors, including PTEN and RB1, which could explain the enhanced lymphomagenesis observed in EBNA3B-deficient lymphoblastoid cell line xenografts. Our findings highlight both disease-specific and general contributions of EBV genomic alterations to human cancers, particularly in hematological malignancies.
期刊介绍:
Blood, the official journal of the American Society of Hematology, published online and in print, provides an international forum for the publication of original articles describing basic laboratory, translational, and clinical investigations in hematology. Primary research articles will be published under the following scientific categories: Clinical Trials and Observations; Gene Therapy; Hematopoiesis and Stem Cells; Immunobiology and Immunotherapy scope; Myeloid Neoplasia; Lymphoid Neoplasia; Phagocytes, Granulocytes and Myelopoiesis; Platelets and Thrombopoiesis; Red Cells, Iron and Erythropoiesis; Thrombosis and Hemostasis; Transfusion Medicine; Transplantation; and Vascular Biology. Papers can be listed under more than one category as appropriate.