Bioaccumulation, Distribution and Biotransformation of Cylindrospermopsin in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) After Exposure by Surface or Sprinkler Irrigation.
Fredy Duque, Ana Isabel Prieto, Antonio Cascajosa-Lira, Luis Carlos Montenegro, Alexandre Campos, Angeles Jos, Ana M Cameán
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin is an emerging cyanotoxin that can lead to phytotoxicity through different mechanisms. The presence of CYN in irrigation waters is of concern due to potential accumulation in plants, increasing the risk of human exposure by the consumption of vegetables. In this case, it is proposed to evaluate the effects of CYN on a crop considered staple food in Colombia, such as Solanum tuberosum, group Phureja var Criolla Colombia, known as "yellow potato". This work evaluates for the first time the effects of CYN in potato plants exposed to this toxin using two different irrigation systems, surface and sprinkler irrigation. The parameters evaluated were CYN bioaccumulation and biotransformation in different parts of the potato plants irrigated with water containing CYN at environmentally relevant concentrations (84.65, 33.80, 3.05 and 3.05 µg/L after first, second, and third to fourth applications, respectively) and changes in nutritional mineral content in tubers. For this purpose, the concentrations of CYN and its potential metabolites in leaves, stem, roots, and tubbers of the plants exposed to the toxin were determined by Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-MS/MS (UHPLC-MS/MS). Mineral content was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). CYN bioaccumulation was detected only in aerial parts of plants with sprinkler irrigation. A total of 57 CYN metabolites were found, and the main differences obtained in CYN biotransformation are linked to tissues and exposure conditions. There are significant differences in levels of Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in tubers depending on CYN treatment, with higher contents after surface irrigation, and lower content with sprinkler application. These results demonstrate that the exposure conditions are an important factor for the potential presence and effects of CYN in potato plants.
柱体精子素是一种新兴的藻毒素，可通过不同的机制导致植物毒性。灌溉水中CYN的存在令人担忧，因为它可能在植物中积累，增加了人类因食用蔬菜而接触CYN的风险。在这种情况下，建议评估CYN对哥伦比亚一种被认为是主食的作物的影响，例如哥伦比亚Phureja var Criolla属的龙茄（Solanum tuberosum），被称为“黄土豆”。本研究首次评价了使用两种不同灌溉系统（地表灌溉和喷灌）暴露于CYN毒素的马铃薯植株的CYN效应。以环境相关浓度的CYN水（第一次、第二次、第三至第四次分别为84.65、33.80、3.05和3.05µg/L）灌溉马铃薯植株不同部位的CYN生物积累和生物转化，以及块茎中营养矿物质含量的变化。为此，采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用（UHPLC-MS/MS）技术测定了毒素暴露植物的叶、茎、根和块茎中CYN及其潜在代谢物的浓度。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定矿物含量。在喷灌条件下，仅在植株地上部分检测到CYN的生物积累。共发现57种CYN代谢物，CYN生物转化的主要差异与组织和暴露条件有关。不同CYN处理的块茎中Ca、K、Mg、Na、P、Cu、Fe、Mn和Zn含量差异显著，地表灌溉后含量较高，喷淋后含量较低。这些结果表明，暴露条件是影响CYN在马铃薯植株中潜在存在和影响的重要因素。
期刊介绍：
Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to toxins and toxinology. It publishes reviews, regular research papers and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.
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